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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Predominance of Viable Spore-Forming Piezophilic Bacteria in High-Pressure Enrichment Cultures from ~1.5 to 2.4 km-Deep Coal-Bearing Sediments below the Ocean Floor
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Predominance of Viable Spore-Forming Piezophilic Bacteria in High-Pressure Enrichment Cultures from ~1.5 to 2.4 km-Deep Coal-Bearing Sediments below the Ocean Floor

机译：在海床以下〜1.5至2.4 km深的含煤沉积物中高压富集培养中形成活孢子的亲嗜细菌的优势。

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Phylogenetically diverse microorganisms have been observed in marine subsurface sediments down to ~2.5 km below the seafloor (kmbsf). However, very little is known about the pressure-adapted and/or pressure-loving microorganisms, the so called piezophiles, in the deep subseafloor biosphere, despite that pressure directly affects microbial physiology, metabolism, and biogeochemical processes of carbon and other elements in situ. In this study, we studied taxonomic compositions of microbial communities in high-pressure incubated sediment, obtained during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 337 off the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene-tagged sequences showed that members of spore-forming bacteria within Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were predominantly detected in all enrichment cultures from ~1.5 to 2.4 km-deep sediment samples, followed by members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes according to the sequence frequency. To further study the physiology of the deep subseafloor sedimentary piezophilic bacteria, we isolated and characterized two bacterial strains, 19R1-5 and 29R7-12, from 1.9 and 2.4 km-deep sediment samples, respectively. The isolates were both low G+C content, gram-positive, endospore-forming and facultative anaerobic piezophilic bacteria, closely related to Virgibacillus pantothenticus and Bacillus subtilis within the phylum Firmicutes, respectively. The optimal pressure and temperature conditions for growth were 20 MPa and 42°C for strain 19R1-5, and 10 MPa and 43°C for strain 29R7-12. Bacterial (endo)spores were observed in both the enrichment and pure cultures examined, suggesting that these piezophilic members were derived from microbial communities buried in the ~20 million-year-old coal-bearing sediments after the long-term survival as spores and that the deep biosphere may host more abundant gram-positive spore-forming bacteria and their spores than hitherto recognized.
机译：在海底（kmbsf）以下约2.5 km的海底沉积物中发现了系统发育多样的微生物。但是，对于深海底生物圈中的压力适应和/或爱好压力的微生物（所谓的嗜压微生物）知之甚少，尽管该压力直接影响原位碳和其他元素的微生物生理，代谢和生物地球化学过程。 。在这项研究中，我们研究了在日本下北田半岛附近的综合海洋钻探计划（IODP）337探险中获得的高压温育沉积物中微生物群落的分类学组成。对16S rRNA基因标记序列的分析表明，在约1.5至2.4 km深的所有沉积物培养物中，主要在Firmicutes和Actinobacteria中发现了形成孢子的细菌，然后依次是Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria和Bacteroidetes。序列频率。为了进一步研究海底深部沉积性嗜压细菌的生理，我们分别从1.9和2.4 km深的沉积物样本中分离并鉴定了两种细菌菌株19R1-5和29R7-12。分离株均为低G + C含量，革兰氏阳性，形成内生孢子和兼性厌氧嗜酸性细菌，分别与Firmicutes菌门内的泛酸泛酸杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌密切相关。生长的最佳压力和温度条件对于19R1-5菌株为20 MPa和42°C，对于29R7-12菌株为10 MPa和43°C。在所考察的富集和纯培养中均观察到细菌（内生）孢子，这表明这些亲脂性成员源自作为孢子长期存活后埋藏在约2000万年历史的含煤沉积物中的微生物群落，并且与迄今公认的相比，深层生物圈可能携带着更多的革兰氏阳性孢子形成细菌及其孢子。

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