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Drivers of Bacterial Maintenance and Minimal Energy Requirements

机译：细菌维护和最低能耗的驱动力

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摘要

Microbes maintain themselves through a variety of processes. Several of these processes can be reduced or shut down entirely when resource availability declines. In pure culture conditions with ample substrate supply, a relationship between the maximum growth rate and the energy invested in maintenance has been reported widely. However, at the other end of the resources spectrum, bacteria are so extremely limited by energy that no growth occurs and metabolism is constrained to the most essential functions only. These minimum energy requirements have been called the basal power requirement. While seemingly different from each other, both aspects are likely components of a continuum of regulated maintenance processes. Here, we analyze cross-species tradeoffs in cellular physiology over the range of bacterial size and energy expenditure and determine the contributions to maintenance metabolism at each point along the size-energy spectrum. Furthermore, by exploring the simplest bacteria within this framework– which are most affected by maintenance constraints– we uncover which processes become most limiting. For the smallest species, maintenance metabolism converges on total metabolism, where we predict that maintenance is dominated by the repair of proteins. For larger species the relative costs of protein repair decrease and maintenance metabolism is predicted to be dominated by the repair of RNA components. These results provide new insights into which processes are likely to be regulated in environments that are extremely limited by energy.
机译：微生物通过各种过程来维持自身。当资源可用性下降时，可以减少或完全关闭其中几个过程。在具有充足底物供应的纯培养条件下，已广泛报道了最大生长速率与维护所需投资的能量之间的关系。然而，在资源范围的另一端，细菌受到能量的极大限制，以至于没有细菌生长，新陈代谢仅被限制在最基本的功能上。这些最低能量要求被称为基本功率要求。虽然看起来彼此不同，但是这两个方面可能都是连续的受监管维护过程的组成部分。在这里，我们分析了细菌大小和能量消耗范围内细胞生理的跨物种权衡，并确定了沿大小能量谱图的每个点对维持新陈代谢的贡献。此外，通过探索在此框架内受维护限制影响最大的最简单细菌，我们发现了哪些过程变得最具限制性。对于最小的物种，维持代谢会收敛于总代谢，我们预测维持主要由蛋白质的修复决定。对于较大的物种，蛋白质修复的相对成本降低，并且维持新陈代谢预计将以RNA组分的修复为主。这些结果提供了新的见解，以了解哪些过程可能在受到能源极大限制的环境中受到监管。

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