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Host Immune Evasion by Lyme and Relapsing Fever Borreliae: Findings to Lead Future Studies for Borrelia miyamotoi

机译:莱姆病的宿主免疫逃避和复发性博莱氏菌:导致宫本氏博莱氏菌未来研究的发现

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摘要

The emerging pathogen, Borrelia miyamotoi, is a relapsing fever spirochete vectored by the same species of Ixodes ticks that carry the causative agents of Lyme disease in the US, Europe, and Asia. Symptoms caused by infection with B. miyamotoi are similar to a relapsing fever infection. However, B. miyamotoi has adapted to different vectors and reservoirs, which could result in unique physiology, including immune evasion mechanisms. Lyme Borrelia utilize a combination of Ixodes-produced inhibitors and native proteins [i.e., factor H-binding proteins (FHBPs)/complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins, p43, BBK32, BGA66, BGA71, CD59-like protein] to inhibit complement, while some relapsing fever spirochetes use C4b-binding protein and likely Ornithodoros-produced inhibitors. To evade the humoral response, Borrelia utilize antigenic variation of either outer surface proteins (Osps) and the Vmp-like sequences (Vls) system (Lyme borreliae) or variable membrane proteins (Vmps, relapsing fever borreliae). B. miyamotoi possesses putative FHBPs and antigenic variation of Vmps has been demonstrated. This review summarizes and compares the common mechanisms utilized by Lyme and relapsing fever spirochetes, as well as the current state of understanding immune evasion by B. miyamotoi.
机译:新兴病原体宫本博雷氏菌是一种复发性发热螺旋体,由在美国,欧洲和亚洲携带莱姆病的致病因子的x虱的相同种类传播。由宫本芽孢杆菌感染引起的症状类似于复发性发烧感染。然而,宫本芽孢杆菌已经适应了不同的载体和储库,这可能导致独特的生理学,包括免疫逃逸机制。莱姆·博雷利亚(Lyme Borrelia)利用Ixodes产生的抑制剂和天然蛋白(即因子H结合蛋白(FHBP)/需要补体调节剂的表面蛋白p43,BBK32,BGA66,BGA71,CD59样蛋白)的组合来抑制补体,而一些复发性发烧螺旋体使用C4b结合蛋白和可能由鸟氨酸产生的抑制剂。为了逃避体液反应,疏螺旋体利用外表面蛋白(Osps)和Vmp样序列(Vls)系统(Lyme borreliae)或可变膜蛋白(Vmps,复发性疏螺旋体)的抗原变异。宫本芽孢杆菌具有推定的FHBP,并且已证明Vmps的抗原变异。这篇综述总结并比较了莱姆病和复发性发热螺旋体使用的常见机制,以及宫本芽孢杆菌对逃避免疫的当前状态。

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