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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Detection of Invertebrate Suppressive Soils and Identification of a Possible Biological Control Agent for Meloidogyne Nematodes Using High Resolution Rhizosphere Microbial Community Analysis
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Detection of Invertebrate Suppressive Soils and Identification of a Possible Biological Control Agent for Meloidogyne Nematodes Using High Resolution Rhizosphere Microbial Community Analysis

机译：高分辨率根际微生物群落分析检测无脊椎动物抑制性土壤并鉴定可能的线虫线虫生物防治剂

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White clover (Trifolium repens) is the key legume component of New Zealand pastoral agriculture due to the high quality feed and nitrogen inputs it provides. Invertebrate pests constrain white clover growth and this study investigated rhizosphere-associated fungal controls for two of these pests and attempts to disentangle the underpinning mechanisms. The degree of suppressiveness of 10 soils, in a latitudinal gradient down New Zealand, to added Meloidogyne hapla and Costelytra zealandica scarab larvae was measured in untreated soil. Most of the soils showed no suppressive activity against these pests but two showed activity against M. hapla and two against C. zealandica. Rhizosphere fungi responsible for pest suppressive responses were elucidated via next-generation sequencing. In the M. hapla-suppressive soils nematode-trapping Orbiliomycetes fungi were present in significantly greater abundance than non-suppressive soils and their abundance increased further with addition of M. hapla. A comparison of plant growth and the rhizosphere fungal community between untreated and irradiated soil was carried out on 5 of the 10 soils using Pyronota as the scarab larvae. Soil irradiation either: reduced (by 60–70%); increased (16×) or made no difference to white clover growth across the five soils tested, illustrating the range of microbial impacts on plant production. In one of the M. hapla suppressive soils irradiation resulted in a significant increase in nematode galling suggesting that Orbiliomycetes fungi were indeed responsible for the suppressive effect. Lack of consistent changes in soil macronutrients and pH post-irradiation suggest these were not responsible for plant or invertebrate responses. The use of next generation sequencing in controlled pot trials has allowed identification of a potential biological control organism and bioindicator for M. hapla suppression.
机译：白三叶草（Trifolium repens）是新西兰牧业农业的主要豆类成分，因为它提供了高质量的饲料和氮。无脊椎动物害虫限制了白三叶草的生长，本研究调查了其中两种害虫的根际相关真菌防治，并试图弄清了其基本机制。在未经处理的土壤中，测量了新西兰沿纬向向下的10种土壤中添加的Meloidogyne hapla和Costelytra zealandica scarab幼虫的抑制程度。大多数土壤对这些害虫均没有抑制活性，但两种土壤均对鼠疫分枝杆菌有抑制作用，另外两种对玉米C则具有抑制作用。通过下一代测序阐明了负责害虫抑制反应的根际真菌。在抑制鼠疫分枝杆菌的土壤中，存在捕获线虫的鼠胆菌真菌的丰度明显大于非抑制性土壤，并且随着加入鼠疫分枝杆菌，其丰度进一步增加。在10个土壤中，有5个土壤中有5个使用Pyronota作为金龟子幼虫进行了植物生长和根际真菌群落的比较。土壤辐照：减少（减少60-70％）；在所测试的五种土壤中，白三叶草的生长增加（16倍）或没有变化，说明了微生物对植物生产的影响范围。在其中一种鼠尾草抑制性土壤中，辐照导致线虫咬伤的明显增加，这表明顽固菌确实对抑制作用负责。土壤中的常量营养素和辐照后的pH值缺乏一致的变化表明，这些变化与植物或无脊椎动物的反应无关。在控制盆栽试验中使用下一代测序技术，已经鉴定出了潜在的生物防治生物和生物指示剂，可用于抑制鼠疫分枝杆菌。

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