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Root System Architecture and Abiotic Stress Tolerance: Current Knowledge in Root and Tuber Crops

机译：根系体系结构和非生物胁迫耐受性：块根作物的最新知识

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摘要

The challenge to produce more food for a rising global population on diminishing agricultural land is complicated by the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity. Although great progress has been made in crop improvement, so far most efforts have targeted above-ground traits. Roots are essential for plant adaptation and productivity, but are less studied due to the difficulty of observing them during the plant life cycle. Root system architecture (RSA), made up of structural features like root length, spread, number, and length of lateral roots, among others, exhibits great plasticity in response to environmental changes, and could be critical to developing crops with more efficient roots. Much of the research on root traits has thus far focused on the most common cereal crops and model plants. As cereal yields have reached their yield potential in some regions, understanding their root system may help overcome these plateaus. However, root and tuber crops (RTCs) such as potato, sweetpotato, cassava, and yam may hold more potential for providing food security in the future, and knowledge of their root system additionally focuses directly on the edible portion. Root-trait modeling for multiple stress scenarios, together with high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping techniques, robust databases, and data analytical pipelines, may provide a valuable base for a truly inclusive ‘green revolution.’ In the current review, we discuss RSA with special reference to RTCs, and how knowledge on genetics of RSA can be manipulated to improve their tolerance to abiotic stresses.
机译：气候变化对农业生产力的影响使为日益增加的全球人口生产更多粮食而面临的农业挑战日益复杂。尽管作物改良取得了长足进展，但到目前为止，大多数努力都针对地上性状。根对植物适应和生产力至关重要，但由于在植物生命周期中很难观察到根，因此研究较少。根系体系结构（RSA）由诸如根长，传播，数量和侧根长度等结构特征组成，对环境变化具有很好的可塑性，对于开发具有更高效根系的作物可能至关重要。迄今为止，许多关于根性状的研究都集中在最常见的谷类作物和模型植物上。由于某些地区的谷物单产已达到其单产潜力，因此了解其根系可能有助于克服这些高原。但是，诸如马铃薯，甘薯，木薯和山药之类的块根和块茎作物（RTC）可能在将来提供更多的食品安全性，并且其根系知识也直接侧重于可食用部分。针对多种压力情况的根性状建模，以及高通量表型和基因分型技术，健壮的数据库和数据分析管道，可能为真正包容的“绿色革命”提供有价值的基础。特别提及RTC，以及如何操纵有关RSA遗传学的知识以提高其对非生物胁迫的耐受性。

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