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An assessment of efficient water heating options for an all-electric single family residence in a mixed-humid climate

机译：评估混合湿润气候下全电气单户住宅的有效水加热选项

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An evaluation of a variety of efficient water heating strategies for an all-electric single family home located in a mixed-humid climate is conducted using numerical modeling. The strategies considered include various combinations of solar thermal, heat pump, and electric resistance water heaters. The numerical model used in the study is first validated against a year of field data obtained on a dual-tank system with a solar thermal preheat tank feeding a heat pump water heater that serves as a backup. Modeling results show that this configuration is the most efficient of the systems studied over the course of a year, with a system coefficient of performance (COPsys) of 2.87. The heat pump water heater alone results in a COPsys of 1.9, while the baseline resistance water heater has a COPsys of 0.95. Impacts on space conditioning are also investigated by considering the extra energy consumption required of the air source heat pump to remove or add heat from the conditioned space by the water heating system. A modified COPsys that incorporates the heat pump energy consumption shows a significant drop in efficiency for the dual tank configuration since the heat pump water heater draws the most heat from the space in the heating season while the high temperatures in the solar storage tank during the cooling season result in an added heat load to the space. Despite this degradation in the COPsys, the combination of the solar thermal preheat tank and the heat pump water heater is the most efficient option even when considering the impacts on space conditioning.
机译：使用数值模型对位于混合湿润气候下的全电气单户住宅的各种有效水加热策略进行了评估。考虑的策略包括太阳能热泵，热泵和电阻热水器的各种组合。该研究中使用的数值模型首先针对在双罐系统上获得的一年现场数据进行了验证，该双罐系统带有太阳能热预热罐，该热罐为备用热泵供热。建模结果表明，这种配置是一年来研究的最有效的系统，系统性能系数（COPsys）为2.87。仅热泵热水器的COPsys为1.9，而基线电阻热水器的COPsys为0.95。还考虑了空气源热泵通过水加热系统从调节后的空间中去除热量或增加热量所需要的额外能耗，从而研究了对空间调节的影响。修改后的COPsys结合了热泵能耗，显示了双水箱配置的效率显着下降，因为热泵热水器在供暖季节从空间吸收了最多的热量，而在冷却过程中太阳能储罐的高温季节会增加空间的热负荷。尽管COPsys的性能有所下降，但即使考虑到对空间调节的影响，太阳能热预热箱和热泵热水器的组合也是最有效的选择。

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