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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Tailoring the Blast Exposure Conditions in the Shock Tube for Generating Pure Primary Shock Waves: The End Plate Facilitates Elimination of Secondary Loading of the Specimen
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Tailoring the Blast Exposure Conditions in the Shock Tube for Generating Pure Primary Shock Waves: The End Plate Facilitates Elimination of Secondary Loading of the Specimen

机译：量身定制冲击波管中的爆炸暴露条件以产生纯净的主冲击波：端板有助于消除标本的二次载荷

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The end plate mounted at the mouth of the shock tube is a versatile and effective implement to control and mitigate the end effects. We have performed a series of measurements of incident shock wave velocities and overpressures followed by quantification of impulse values (integral of pressure in time domain) for four different end plate configurations (0.625, 2, 4 inches, and an open end). Shock wave characteristics were monitored by high response rate pressure sensors allocated in six positions along the length of 6 meters long 229 mm square cross section shock tube. Tests were performed at three shock wave intensities, which was controlled by varying the Mylar membrane thickness (0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 inch). The end reflector plate installed at the exit of the shock tube allows precise control over the intensity of reflected waves penetrating into the shock tube. At the optimized distance of the tube to end plate gap the secondary waves were entirely eliminated from the test section, which was confirmed by pressure sensor at T4 location. This is pronounced finding for implementation of pure primary blast wave animal model. These data also suggest only deep in the shock tube experimental conditions allow exposure to a single shock wave free of artifacts. Our results provide detailed insight into spatiotemporal dynamics of shock waves with Friedlander waveform generated using helium as a driver gas and propagating in the air inside medium sized tube. Diffusion of driver gas (helium) inside the shock tube was responsible for velocity increase of reflected shock waves. Numerical simulations combined with experimental data suggest the shock wave attenuation mechanism is simply the expansion of the internal pressure. In the absence of any other postulated shock wave decay mechanisms, which were not implemented in the model the agreement between theory and experimental data is excellent.
机译：安装在减震管口处的端板是一种通用且有效的工具，可控制和减轻端部影响。我们对入射的冲击波速度和超压进行了一系列测量，然后对四种不同的端板配置（0.625、2、4英寸和一个开口端）的脉冲值（时域压力的积分）进行了量化。通过沿6米长的229 mm方形横截面冲击管的六个位置分配的高响应率压力传感器监控冲击波特性。在三种冲击波强度下进行测试，可通过改变聚酯薄膜的厚度（0.02、0.04和0.06英寸）来控制。安装在冲击管出口处的末端反射板可精确控制进入冲击管的反射波的强度。在管子到端板间隙的最佳距离处，次波从测试部分被完全消除，这在T4位置的压力传感器得到了确认。这是实施纯原始冲击波动物模型的明显发现。这些数据还表明，只有在冲击管深处的实验条件下才允许暴露于无伪影的单个冲击波中。我们的结果提供了对以弗里德兰德波形为特征的冲击波的时空动力学的详细见解，该波形以氦气为驱动气体并在中型管内的空气中传播。激波管内驱动气体（氦气）的扩散是反射激波的速度增加的原因。数值模拟与实验数据相结合表明，冲击波衰减机理仅仅是内部压力的扩展。在没有模型中未实现的任何其他假定的冲击波衰减机制的情况下，理论和实验数据之间的一致性非常好。

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