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Long Term Sugarcane Crop Residue Retention Offers Limited Potential to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Australian Wet Tropical Environments

机译：在澳大利亚潮湿的热带环境中长期保留甘蔗作物残留物提供了降低氮肥施用量的有限潜力

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摘要

The warming of world climate systems is driving interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the agricultural sector, practices that mitigate GHG emissions include those that (1) reduce emissions [e.g., those that reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by avoiding excess nitrogen (N) fertilizer application], and (2) increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (e.g., by retaining instead of burning crop residues). Sugarcane is a globally important crop that can have substantial inputs of N fertilizer and which produces large amounts of crop residues (‘trash’). Management of N fertilizer and trash affects soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, and hence GHG emissions. Trash has historically been burned at harvest, but increasingly is being retained on the soil surface as a ‘trash blanket’ in many countries. The potential for trash retention to alter N fertilizer requirements and sequester SOC was investigated in this study. The APSIM model was calibrated with data from field and laboratory studies of trash decomposition in the wet tropics of northern Australia. APSIM was then validated against four independent data sets, before simulating location × soil × fertilizer × trash management scenarios. Soil carbon increased in trash blanketed soils relative to SOC in soils with burnt trash. However, further increases in SOC for the study region may be limited because the SOC in trash blanketed soils could be approaching equilibrium; future GHG mitigation efforts in this region should therefore focus on N fertilizer management. Simulated N fertilizer rates were able to be reduced from conventional rates regardless of trash management, because of low yield potential in the wet tropics. For crops subjected to continuous trash blanketing, there was substantial immobilization of N in decomposing trash so conventional N fertilizer rates were required for up to 24 years after trash blanketing commenced. After this period, there was potential to reduce N fertilizer rates for crops when trash was retained (≤20 kg N ha–1 per plant or ratoon crop) while maintaining ≥95% of maximum yields. While these savings in N fertilizer use were modest at the field scale, they were potentially important when aggregated at the regional level.
机译：世界气候系统的变暖正在推动人们对减少温室气体（GHG）排放的兴趣。在农业部门，减少温室气体排放的措施包括（1）减少排放量的措施（例如，通过避免过量施用氮肥来减少一氧化二氮的排放量），以及（2）增加土壤有机碳（ SOC）库存（例如，通过保留而不是燃烧作物残渣）。甘蔗是一种全球重要的农作物，可以大量输入氮肥，并会产生大量农作物残留物（“垃圾”）。氮肥和垃圾的管理会影响土壤的碳和氮循环，进而影响温室气体的排放。从历史上讲，垃圾是在收割时燃烧的，但在许多国家中，垃圾被越来越多地作为“垃圾毯”保留在土壤表面。在这项研究中，研究了保留垃圾以改变氮肥需求和螯合SOC的潜力。 APSIM模型已根据来自澳大利亚北部湿热带地区垃圾分解的现场和实验室研究数据进行了校准。然后在模拟位置×土壤×化肥×垃圾管理方案之前，针对四个独立的数据集对APSIM进行了验证。垃圾掩埋土壤中的土壤碳相对于焚烧垃圾土壤中的SOC有所增加。但是，研究区域的SOC进一步增加可能会受到限制，因为垃圾覆盖的土壤中的SOC可能接近平衡。因此，该地区未来减少温室气体的努力应侧重于氮肥管理。由于湿热带地区的单产潜力低，无论采用何种垃圾管理方式，都可以将模拟氮肥用量与常规肥料相比降低。对于进行连续垃圾覆盖的农作物，分解垃圾中大量地固定了氮，因此在垃圾覆盖开始后的24年内，传统的氮肥施用量是必需的。此时期之后，保留垃圾（每株或再生作物≤20 kg N ha –1 ）并保持最大产量的≥95％时，有可能降低作物的氮肥利用率。虽然在田间规模上节省的氮肥使用量不多，但在区域一级汇总时，它们潜在重要。

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