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Stochasticity in space persistence in time: genetic heterogeneity in harbour populations of the introduced ascidian Styela plicata

机译：空间的随机性时间的持久性：引进的海生Styela plicata港口种群的遗传异质性

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Spatio-temporal changes in genetic structure among populations provide crucial information on the dynamics of secondary spread for introduced marine species. However, temporal components have rarely been taken into consideration when studying the population genetics of non-indigenous species. This study analysed the genetic structure of Styela plicata, a solitary ascidian introduced in harbours and marinas of tropical and temperate waters, across spatial and temporal scales. A fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from 395 individuals collected at 9 harbours along the NW Mediterranean coast and adjacent Atlantic waters (> 1,200 km range) at two time points 5 years apart (2009 and 2014). The levels of gene diversity were relatively low for all 9 locations in both years. Analyses of genetic differentiation and distribution of molecular variance revealed strong genetic structure, with significant differences among many populations, but no significant differences among years. A weak and marginally significant correlation between geographic distance and gene differentiation was found. Our results revealed spatial structure and temporal genetic homogeneity in S. plicata, suggesting a limited role of recurrent, vessel-mediated transport of organisms among small to medium-size harbours. Our study area is representative of many highly urbanized coasts with dense harbours. In these environments, the episodic chance arrival of colonisers appears to determine the genetic structure of harbour populations and the genetic composition of these early colonising individuals persists in the respective harbours, at least over moderate time frames (five years) that encompass ca. 20 generations of S. plicata.
机译：种群间遗传结构的时空变化提供了有关引进海洋物种次级传播动态的重要信息。但是，在研究非本地物种的种群遗传学时，很少考虑到时间成分。这项研究分析了Styela plicata的遗传结构，Styela plicata是一种在空间和时间尺度上被引入热带和温带水域的港口和码头的孤立海生动物。线粒体基因细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）的片段是从395个个体中测序的，这些个体是在西北地中海沿岸和相邻大西洋水域（> 1,200 km）的9个港口收集的，彼此间隔5年的两个时间点（2009年和2014年）。两年中所有9个地点的基因多样性水平都相对较低。遗传分化和分子变异的分布分析显示出强大的遗传结构，许多人群之间存在显着差异，但年份之间无显着差异。发现地理距离和基因分化之间的微弱且微弱的相关性。我们的研究结果揭示了S. plicata中的空间结构和时间遗传同质性，表明在中小型港口之间周期性地通过血管介导的生物运输具有有限的作用。我们的研究区域代表了许多港口密集的高度城市化的海岸。在这些环境中，殖民者的偶然机会到来似乎决定了港口种群的遗传结构，这些早期殖民者的遗传组成在各自的港口中持续存在，至少持续了大约中等时间范围（五年）。 S. plicata的20代。

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