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Severe Bone Loss as Part of the Life History Strategy of Bowhead Whales

机译:严重的骨头丢失是弓头鲸生活史策略的一部分

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摘要

The evolution of baleen constituted a major evolutionary change that made it possible for baleen whales to reach enormous body sizes while filter feeding on tiny organisms and migrating over tremendous distances. Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) live in the Arctic where the annual cycle of increasing and decreasing ice cover affects their habitat, prey, and migration. During the nursing period, bowheads grow rapidly; but between weaning and approximately year 5, bowhead whales display sustained baleen and head growth while limiting growth in the rest of their bodies. During this period, they withdraw resources from the skeleton, in particular the ribs, which may lose 40% of bone mass. Such dramatic changes in bones of immature mammals are rare, although fossil cetaceans between 40 and 50 million years ago show an array of rib specializations that include bone loss and are usually interpreted as related to buoyancy control.
机译:须鲸的进化构成了重大的进化变化,使须鲸能够达到巨大的体型,同时过滤器捕食微小的生物并在远距离迁移。 head鲸(Balaena mysticetus)生活在北极,冰盖的增加和减少的年度周期影响它们的栖息地,猎物和迁徙。在护理期间,弓头迅速增长;但在断奶到大约5年之间,弓头鲸表现出持续的须眉和头部生长,同时限制了其余身体的生长。在此期间,他们从骨骼(尤其是肋骨)中提取资源,这些资源可能会损失40%的骨量。尽管在40到5000万年前的化石鲸类动物显示出一系列肋骨专长,其中包括骨骼丢失,并且通常被解释为与浮力控制有关,但这种未成熟哺乳动物骨骼的戏剧性变化却很少见。

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