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Genetic Diversification and Dispersal of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

机译：芋头（Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schott）的遗传多样性和扩散

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Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical areas. However, its origin, diversification and dispersal remain unclear. While taro genetic diversity has been documented at the country and regional levels in Asia and the Pacific, few reports are available from Americas and Africa where it has been introduced through human migrations. We used eleven microsatellite markers to investigate the diversity and diversification of taro accessions from nineteen countries in Asia, the Pacific, Africa and America. The highest genetic diversity and number of private alleles were observed in Asian accessions, mainly from India. While taro has been diversified in Asia and the Pacific mostly via sexual reproduction, clonal reproduction with mutation appeared predominant in African and American countries investigated. Bayesian clustering revealed a first genetic group of diploids from the Asia-Pacific region and to a second diploid-triploid group mainly from India. Admixed cultivars between the two genetic pools were also found. In West Africa, most cultivars were found to have originated from India. Only one multi-locus lineage was assigned to the Asian pool, while cultivars in Madagascar originated from India and Indonesia. The South African cultivars shared lineages with Japan. The Caribbean Islands cultivars were found to have originated from the Pacific, while in Costa Rica they were from India or admixed between Indian and Asian groups. Taro dispersal in the different areas of Africa and America is thus discussed in the light of available records of voyages and settlements.
机译：芋头（Colocasia esculenta（L.）Schott）广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区。但是，其起源，多元化和分散性尚不清楚。虽然芋头遗传多样性已在亚洲及太平洋的国家和地区一级得到记录，但美洲和非洲的报道很少，这些文献是通过人类迁徙引入的。我们使用了11种微卫星标记来研究来自亚洲，太平洋，非洲和美洲19个国家的芋头种的多样性和多样化。在主要来自印度的亚洲品种中观察到最高的遗传多样性和私人等位基因数量。尽管芋头在亚洲及太平洋地区主要通过有性繁殖而多样化，但在所调查的非洲和美洲国家中，具有突变的克隆繁殖似乎占主导地位。贝叶斯聚类揭示了来自亚太地区的第一个二倍体遗传群，以及主要来自印度的第二个二倍体-三倍体群。还发现了两个遗传库之间的混合品种。在西非，发现大多数品种都起源于印度。只有一个多位点谱系被分配到亚洲池中，而马达加斯加的品种起源于印度和印度尼西亚。南非品种与日本共享血统。发现加勒比岛屿品种起源于太平洋，而在哥斯达黎加，它们来自印度或印度和亚洲群体之间的混合。因此，根据可获得的航海和定居记录，讨论了芋头在非洲和美洲不同地区的扩散。

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