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Case file coding of child maltreatment: Methods challenges and innovations in a longitudinal project of youth in foster care

机译：儿童虐待案例文件编码：青年人在寄养中的纵向项目中的方法挑战和创新

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摘要

State social service agency case files are a common mechanism for obtaining information about a child’s maltreatment history, yet these documents are often challenging for researchers to access, and then to process in a manner consistent with the requirements of social science research designs. Specifically, accessing and navigating case files is an extensive undertaking, and a task that many researchers have had to maneuver with little guidance. Even after the files are in hand and the research questions and relevant variables have been clarified, case file information about a child’s maltreatment exposure can be idiosyncratic, vague, inconsistent, and incomplete, making coding such information into useful variables for statistical analyses difficult. The Modified Maltreatment Classification System (MMCS) is a popular tool used to guide the process, and though comprehensive, this coding system cannot cover all idiosyncrasies found in case files. It is not clear from the literature how researchers implement this system while accounting for issues outside of the purview of the MMCS or that arise during MMCS use. Finally, a large yet reliable file coding team is essential to the process, however, the literature lacks training guidelines and methods for establishing reliability between coders. In an effort to move the field toward a common approach, the purpose of the present discussion is to detail the process used by one large-scale study of child maltreatment, the Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids (SPARK) project, a longitudinal study of resilience in youth in foster care. The article addresses each phase of case file coding, from accessing case files, to identifying how to measure constructs of interest, to dealing with exceptions to the coding system, to coding variables reliably, to training large teams of coders and monitoring for fidelity. Implications for a comprehensive and efficient approach to case file coding are discussed.
机译：州社会服务机构的案卷是获取有关儿童虐待历史的信息的一种常见机制，但是这些文件通常对研究人员来说难以获得，然后以符合社会科学研究设计要求的方式进行处理。具体来说，访问和导航案例文件是一项繁重的工作，并且是许多研究人员在很少指导下就不得不执行的任务。即使在掌握了档案并澄清了研究问题和相关变量之后，有关儿童虐待事件的病例档案信息也可能是特异的，模糊的，不一致的和不完整的，这使得将这些信息编码为有用的变量以进行统计分析非常困难。修改过的虐待分类系统（MMCS）是用于指导该过程的流行工具，尽管功能全面，但该编码系统无法涵盖案例文件中发现的所有特质。从文献中尚不清楚，研究人员如何在考虑MMCS权限范围之外或在MMCS使用过程中出现的问题的同时实现该系统。最后，庞大而可靠的文件编码团队对于该过程至关重要，但是，文献缺乏用于在编码人员之间建立可靠性的培训准则和方法。为了使该领域朝着共同的方向发展，本次讨论的目的是详细介绍一项大规模的儿童虐待研究-研究儿童适应和适应力的途径（SPARK）项目-纵向研究的过程。研究青年在寄养中的适应能力。本文介绍了案例文件编码的每个阶段，从访问案例文件到确定如何衡量感兴趣的结构，处理编码系统的异常，可靠地对变量进行编码，培训大型编码人员团队和监控保真度。讨论了用于案例文件编码的全面有效方法的含义。

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