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Microbial eukaryote plankton communities of high-mountain lakes fromthree continents exhibit strong biogeographic patterns

机译：来自高海拔湖泊的微生物真核生物浮游生物群落三大洲展现出强大的生物地理格局

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Microbial eukaryotes hold a key role in aquatic ecosystem functioning. Yet, their diversity in freshwater lakes, particularly in high-mountain lakes, is relatively unknown compared with the marine environment. Low nutrient availability, low water temperature and high ultraviolet radiation make most high-mountain lakes extremely challenging habitats for life and require specific molecular and physiological adaptations. We therefore expected that these ecosystems support a plankton diversity that differs notably from other freshwater lakes. In addition, we hypothesized that the communities under study exhibit geographic structuring. Our rationale was that geographic dispersal of small-sized eukaryotes in high-mountain lakes over continental distances seems difficult. We analysed hypervariable V4 fragments of the SSU rRNA gene to compare the genetic microbial eukaryote diversity in high-mountain lakes located in the European Alps, the Chilean Altiplano and the Ethiopian Bale Mountains. Microbial eukaryotes were not globally distributed corroborating patterns found for bacteria, multicellular animals and plants. Instead, the plankton community composition emerged as a highly specific fingerprint of a geographic region even on higher taxonomic levels. The intraregional heterogeneity of the investigatedlakes was mirrored in shifts in microbial eukaryote community structure, which,however, was much less pronounced compared with interregional beta-diversity.Statistical analyses revealed that on a regional scale, environmental factorsare strong predictors for plankton community structures in high-mountain lakes.While on long-distance scales (>10 000 km), isolation by distance is themost plausible scenario, on intermediate scales (up to 6000 km), bothcontemporary environmental factors and historical contingencies interact toshift plankton community structures.
机译：微生物真核生物在水生生态系统功能中发挥关键作用。然而，与海洋环境相比，它们在淡水湖泊，特别是高山湖泊中的多样性相对未知。营养物质的缺乏，低水温和高紫外线辐射使大多数高山湖泊的生活环境极富挑战性，并需要特定的分子和生理适应性。因此，我们期望这些生态系统能够支持浮游生物的多样性，而这种多样性与其他淡水湖泊明显不同。此外，我们假设所研究的社区表现出地理结构。我们的理由是，小型真核生物在大陆上分布在高山湖泊中的地理分布似乎很困难。我们分析了SSU rRNA基因的高变V4片段，以比较位于欧洲阿尔卑斯山，智利高原和埃塞俄比亚大包山的高山湖泊中的遗传微生物真核生物多样性。微生物真核生物并未在细菌，多细胞动植物上得到全球证实的模式。取而代之的是，浮游生物群落组成作为地理区域的高度特定指纹而出现，即使在更高的分类学水平上也是如此。被调查者的区域内异质性湖泊反映了微生物真核生物群落结构的变化，但是，与区域间的β多样性相比，它的意义要小得多。统计分析表明，在区域范围内，环境因素是高山湖泊中浮游生物群落结构的有力预测指标。在长距离范围（> 10000 km）上，按距离隔离是在中等规模（最长6000公里）上，最合理的情况当代环境因素和历史偶然性相互作用改变浮游生物的群落结构。

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