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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Meals on Wheels? A Decade of Megafaunal Visual and Acoustic Observations from Offshore Oil Gas Rigs and Platforms in the North and Irish Seas
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Meals on Wheels? A Decade of Megafaunal Visual and Acoustic Observations from Offshore Oil Gas Rigs and Platforms in the North and Irish Seas

机译：送餐上门？从北海和爱尔兰海的海上石油钻机和平台进行的巨型动物视觉和声学观测十年

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A decade of visual and acoustic detections of marine megafauna around offshore Oil & Gas (O&G) installations in the North and Irish Seas are presented. Marine megafauna activity was monitored visually and acoustically by Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) qualified and experienced Marine Mammal Observers (MMO) and Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) Operators respectively, with real-time towed PAM in combination with industry standard software, PAMGuard. Monitoring was performed during routine O&G industrial operations for underwater noise mitigation purposes, and to ensure adherence to regulatory guidelines. Incidental sightings by off-effort MMOs and installation crew were also reported. Visual and acoustic monitoring spanned 55 non-consecutive days between 2004 and 2014. A total of 47 marine mammal sightings were recorded by MMOs on dedicated watch, and 10 incidental sightings of marine megafauna were reported over 10 years. Species included: harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), white beaked dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), common seal (Phoca vitulina), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and, basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Passive Acoustic Monitoring was conducted on two occasions in 2014; 160 PAM hours over 12 days recorded a total of 308 individual clicks identified as harbour porpoises. These appear to be the first such acoustic detections obtained from a North Sea drilling rig whilst using a typically configured hydrophone array designed for towing in combination with real-time PAMGuard software. This study provides evidence that marine megafauna are present around mobile and stationary offshore O&G installations during routine operational activities. On this basis, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for decommissioning O&G platforms should be carried-out on a case-by-case basis, and must include provisions for hitherto overlooked marine megafauna.
机译：介绍了十年来对北海和爱尔兰海中海上油气（O＆G）装置周围的海洋大型动物的视觉和听觉检测。联合自然保护委员会（JNCC）合格且经验丰富的海洋哺乳动物观察员（MMO）和被动声学监测（PAM）操作员分别通过视觉和听觉方式对海洋大型动物的活动进行了监视，并与行业标准软件PAMGuard结合使用了实时拖曳的PAM。为了降低水下噪音并确保遵守法规准则，在常规的O＆G工业运营过程中进行了监视。还报告了应急MMO和安装人员偶然发现的情况。在2004年至2014年之间，视觉和听觉监测跨越了连续55天。MMO在专用手表上记录了总共47次海洋哺乳动物目击事件，并且在10年中报告了10次偶然的海洋大型动物目击事件。物种包括：海豚（Phocoena phocoena），大西洋白面海豚（Lagenorhynchus acutus），白喙海豚（Lagenorhynchus albirostris），普通海豚（Delphinus delphis），小须鲸（Balaenoptera acutorostrata），普通海豹（Phoca）海豹（Halichoerus grypus）和鲨（Cetorhinus maximus）。 2014年进行了两次无源声学监测。在过去的12天中，有160个PAM小时记录了308次单独的点击，这些点击被识别为海豚。这些似乎是从北海钻探设备获得的第一个此类声音检测，同时使用了典型配置的水听器阵列，该水听器阵列设计用于拖曳并与实时PAMGuard软件结合使用。这项研究提供了证据，表明在日常运营活动中，海上巨型动物群存在于移动和固定的海上O＆G装置周围。在此基础上，应根据具体情况对用于退役的O＆G平台进行环境影响评估（EIA），并且必须包括有关迄今为止被忽视的海洋大型动物的规定。

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