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Cupric Oxide (CuO) Oxidation Detects Pyrogenic Carbon in Burnt Organic Matter and Soils

机译：氧化铜（CuO）氧化可检测燃烧的有机物和土壤中的热解碳

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摘要

Wildfire greatly impacts the composition and quantity of organic carbon stocks within watersheds. Most methods used to measure the contributions of fire altered organic carbon–i.e. pyrogenic organic carbon (Py-OC) in natural samples are designed to quantify specific fractions such as black carbon or polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In contrast, the CuO oxidation procedure yields a variety of products derived from a variety of precursors, including both unaltered and thermally altered sources. Here, we test whether or not the benzene carboxylic acid and hydroxy benzoic acid (BCA) products obtained by CuO oxidation provide a robust indicator of Py-OC and compare them to non-Py-OC biomarkers of lignin. O and A horizons from microcosms were burned in the laboratory at varying levels of fire severity and subsequently incubated for 6 months. All soils were analyzed for total OC and N and were analyzed by CuO oxidation. All BCAs appeared to be preserved or created to some degree during burning while lignin phenols appeared to be altered or destroyed to varying extents dependent on fire severity. We found two specific CuO oxidation products, o-hydroxybenzoic acid (oBd) and 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC2) that responded strongly to burn severity and withstood degradation during post-burning microbial incubations. Interestingly, we found that benzene di- and tricarboxylic acids (BDC and BTC, respectively) were much more reactive than vanillyl phenols during the incubation as a possible result of physical protection of vanillyl phenols in the interior of char particles or CuO oxidation derived BCAs originating from biologically available classes of Py-OC. We found that the ability of these compounds to predict relative Py-OC content in burned samples improved when normalized by their respective BCA class (i.e. benzene monocarboxylic acids (BA) and BTC, respectively) and when BTC was normalized to total lignin yields (BTC:Lig). The major trends in BCAs imparted by burning persisted through a 6 month incubation suggesting that fire severity had first order control on BCA and lignin composition. Using original and published BCA data from soils, sediments, char, and interfering compounds we found that BTC:Lig and BTC2:BTC were able to distinguish Py-OC from compounds such as humic materials, tannins, etc. The BCAs released by the CuO oxidation procedure increase the functionality of this method in order to examine the relative contribution of Py-OC in geochemical samples.
机译：野火极大地影响了流域内有机碳储量的组成和数量。多数用于衡量火灾改变有机碳贡献的方法，即天然样品中的热解有机碳（Py-OC）用于定量分析特定部分，例如黑碳或聚芳烃。相比之下，CuO氧化过程可产生多种衍生自多种前体的产物，包括未改变的和热改变的来源。在这里，我们测试了通过CuO氧化获得的苯羧酸和羟基苯甲酸（BCA）产品是否提供了Py-OC的可靠指标，并将其与木质素的非Py-OC生物标志物进行了比较。来自缩影的O和A层在实验室中以不同程度的火灾严重性燃烧，然后孵育6个月。分析所有土壤的总OC和N，并通过CuO氧化进行分析。在燃烧过程中，所有BCA似乎都得到了某种程度的保存或生成，而木质素酚似乎在不同程度上取决于着火程度而被改变或破坏。我们发现了两种特定的CuO氧化产物，邻羟基苯甲酸（oBd）和1,2,4-苯三甲酸（BTC2），它们在燃烧后的微生物培养过程中对燃烧的严重性具有强烈的响应并能经受住降解。有趣的是，我们发现，在孵育过程中，苯二甲酸和三羧酸（分别为BDC和BTC）比香草基苯酚具有更高的反应性，这可能是由于在炭颗粒内部或源自CuO氧化的BCA内对香草基苯酚的物理保护所致。从生物上可获得的Py-OC类。我们发现，当通过它们各自的BCA类（分别为苯单羧酸（BA）和BTC）进行归一化以及将BTC归一化为总木质素收率（BTC）时，这些化合物预测燃烧样品中相对Py-OC含量的能力得到改善。 ：Lig）。通过燃烧产生的BCA的主要趋势持续了6个月，表明火势严重程度对BCA和木质素组成具有一级控制。使用来自土壤，沉积物，炭和干扰化合物的原始和公开的BCA数据，我们发现BTC：Lig和BTC2：BTC能够区分Py-OC与腐殖质，单宁等化合物。CuO释放的BCA氧化程序增加了此方法的功能，以检查地球化学样品中Py-OC的相对贡献。

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    Jeff Hatten; Miguel Goñi;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(11),3
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 e0151957
  • 总页数 22
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