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Anatomical and Physiological Responses of Citrus Trees to Varying Boron Availability Are Dependent on Rootstock

机译：柑橘树对硼有效性的解剖和生理响应取决于砧木

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摘要

In Citrus, water, nutrient transport and thereby fruit production, are influenced among other factors, by the interaction between rootstock and boron (B) nutrition. This study aimed to investigate how B affects the anatomical structure of roots and leaves as well as leaf gas exchange in sweet orange trees grafted on two contrasting rootstocks in response to B supply. Plants grafted on Swingle citrumelo or Sunki mandarin were grown in a nutrient solution of varying B concentration (deficient, adequate, and excessive). Those grafted on Swingle were more tolerant to both B deficiency and toxicity than those on Sunki, as revealed by higher shoot and root growth. In addition, plants grafted on Sunki exhibited more severe anatomical and physiological damages under B deficiency, showing thickening of xylem cell walls and impairments in whole-plant leaf-specific hydraulic conductance and leaf CO2 assimilation. Our data revealed that trees grafted on Swingle sustain better growth under low B availablitlity in the root medium and still respond positively to increased B levels by combining higher B absorption and root growth as well as better organization of xylem vessels. Taken together, those traits improved water and B transport to the plant canopy. Under B toxicity, Swingle rootstock would also favor plant growth by reducing anatomical and ultrastructural damage to leaf tissue and improving water transport compared with plants grafted on Sunki. From a practical point of view, our results highlight that B management in citrus orchards shall take into account rootstock varieties, of which the Swingle rootstock was characterized by its performance on regulating anatomical and ultrastructural damages, improving water transport and limiting negative impacts of B stress conditions on plant growth.
机译：在柑橘中，水，养分的运输以及水果的生产受到砧木和硼（B）营养之间相互作用的其他因素的影响。这项研究旨在研究B如何响应B的供应而影响嫁接在两种不同砧木上的甜橙树的根和叶的解剖结构以及叶片气体交换。嫁接在Swingle citrumelo或Sunki普通话上的植物在各种B浓度（不足，充足和过量）的营养液中生长。从Swingle嫁接的那些比对Sunki的那些对B缺乏症和毒性的耐受性更高，这可以从更高的枝条和根部生长看出。此外，嫁接在Sunki上的植物在B缺乏下表现出更严重的解剖学和生理学损伤，表现为木质部细胞壁增厚，全株叶片特异性水力传导和叶片CO2同化受损。我们的数据表明，嫁接在Swingle上的树木在低B可用性的根系培养基中维持较好的生长，并且通过结合更高的B吸收和根系生长以及更好的木质部血管组织，仍然对增加的B水平有积极的反应。综上所述，这些性状改善了水和硼向植物冠层的转运。在B毒性下，与在Sunki上嫁接的植物相比，Swingle砧木还可以通过减少对叶片组织的解剖和超微结构损伤并改善水的运输来促进植物生长。从实践的角度来看，我们的结果强调柑橘园中的B处理应考虑到砧木品种，其中Swingle砧木的特征在于其在调节解剖学和超微结构损害，改善水运输和限制B胁迫负面影响方面的性能。植物生长的条件。

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