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Assessing Potential Habitat and Carrying Capacity for Reintroduction of Plains Bison (Bison bison bison) in Banff National Park

机译：评估班夫国家公园的野牛（野牛野牛）的潜在生境和繁殖能力

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Interest in bison (Bison bison, B. bonasus) conservation and restoration continues to grow globally. In Canada, plains bison (B. b. bison) are threatened, occupying less than 0.5% of their former range. The largest threat to their recovery is the lack of habitat in which they are considered compatible with current land uses. Fences and direct management make range expansion by most bison impossible. Reintroduction of bison into previously occupied areas that remain suitable, therefore, is critical for bison recovery in North America. Banff National Park is recognized as historical range of plains bison and has been identified as a potential site for reintroduction of a wild population. To evaluate habitat quality and assess if there is sufficient habitat for a breeding population, we developed a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model for the proposed reintroduction and surrounding areas in Banff National Park (Banff). We then synthesize previous studies on habitat relationships, forage availability, bison energetics and snowfall scenarios to estimate nutritional carrying capacity. Considering constraints on nutritional carrying capacity, the most realistic scenario that we evaluated resulted in an estimated maximum bison density of 0.48 bison/km2. This corresponds to sufficient habitat to support at least 600 to 1000 plains bison, which could be one of the largest 10 plains bison populations in North America. Within Banff, there is spatial variation in predicted bison habitat suitability and population size that suggests one potential reintroduction site as the most likely to be successful from a habitat perspective. The successful reintroduction of bison into Banff would represent a significant global step towards conserving this iconic species, and our approach provides a useful template for evaluating potential habitat for other endangered species reintroductions into their former range.
机译：对野牛（野牛野牛，B。bonasus）的保护和恢复的兴趣在全球范围内持续增长。在加拿大，平原野牛（B. b。bison）受到威胁，占不到其先前范围的0.5％。对其恢复的最大威胁是缺乏栖息地，它们被认为与目前的土地用途兼容。栅栏和直接管理使得大多数野牛无法扩大范围。因此，将北美野牛重新引入仍然适合的先前占领地区对于北美野牛的恢复至关重要。班夫国家公园被认为是野牛平原的历史保护区，并被确定为野生种群重新引入的潜在场所。为了评估栖息地质量并评估繁殖种群是否有足够的栖息地，我们针对拟议的引种和班夫国家公园（班夫）周围地区开发了栖息地适应性指数（HSI）模型。然后，我们综合了先前关于栖息地关系，草料可用性，野牛能量学和降雪情景的研究，以估算营养的承载能力。考虑到营养承载力的限制，我们评估的最现实的情况导致估计最大野牛密度为0.48野牛/ km 2 。这相当于有足够的栖息地，足以支撑至少600至1000个北美野牛，这可能是北美最大的10个北美野牛种群之一。在班夫地区，预测的野牛栖息地适宜性和种群规模存在空间差异，这表明从栖息地的角度来看，一个潜在的重新引入地点是最有可能成功的地方。将野牛成功地重新引入班夫将代表保护这一标志性物种的重要的全球步骤，我们的方法为评估将其他濒危物种重新引入其原先范围的潜在栖息地提供了有用的模板。

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