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Fertilization Mechanisms in Flowering Plants

机译:开花植物的施肥机理

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摘要

Compared to the animal kingdom, fertilization is particularly complex in flowering plants (angiosperms). Sperm cells of angiosperms have lost their motility and require transportation as a passive cargo by the pollen tube cell to the egg apparatus (egg cell and accessory synergid cells). Sperm cell release from the pollen tube occurs after intensive communication between the pollen tube cell and the receptive synergid, culminating in the lysis of both interaction partners. Following release of the two sperm cells they interact and fuse with two dimorphic female gametes (egg and central cell) forming the major seed components embryo and endosperm, respectively. This process is known as double fertilization. Here we review the current understanding of the processes of sperm cell reception, gamete interaction, their pre-fertilization activation and fusion as well as the mechanisms plants use to prevent the fusion of egg cells with multiple sperm cells. The role of Ca2+ is highlighted in these various processes and comparisons are drawn between fertilization mechanisms in flowering plants and other eukaryotes including mammals.
机译:与动物界相比,开花植物(被子植物)的受精特别复杂。被子植物的精子细胞失去了运动能力,需要通过花粉管细胞作为被动货物运输到卵子装置(卵细胞和辅助协同细胞)。在花粉管细胞与受体协同增效剂之间密集的交流之后,精子细胞从花粉管中释放出来,最终导致两个相互作用伴侣的裂解。释放两个精子细胞后,它们与两个双态雌性配子(卵和中央细胞)相互作用并融合,分别形成主要的种子成分胚胎和胚乳。此过程称为双重施肥。在这里,我们回顾当前对精子细胞接受,配子相互作用,它们的受精前激活和融合以及植物用于防止卵细胞与多个精子细胞融合的机制的理解。 Ca 2 + 的作用在这些不同的过程中得到了强调,并对开花植物和其他真核生物(包括哺乳动物)的受精机制进行了比较。

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