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Analysis of the current rib support practices and techniques in U.S. coal mines

机译：分析美国煤矿当前的肋骨支撑做法和技术

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Design of rib support systems in U.S. coal mines is based primarily on local practices and experience. A better understanding of current rib support practices in U.S. coal mines is crucial for developing a sound engineering rib support design tool. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current practices of rib control in U.S. coal mines. Twenty underground coal mines were studied representing various coal basins, coal seams, geology, loading conditions, and rib control strategies. The key findings are: (1) any rib design guideline or tool should take into account external rib support as well as internal bolting; (2) rib bolts on their own cannot contain rib spall, especially in soft ribs subjected to significant load—external rib control devices such as mesh are required in such cases to contain rib sloughing; (3) the majority of the studied mines follow the overburden depth and entry height thresholds recommended by the Program Information Bulletin 11-29 issued by the Mine Safety and Health Administration; (4) potential rib instability occurred when certain geological features prevailed—these include draw slate and/or bone coal near the rib/roof line, claystone partings, and soft coal bench overlain by rock strata; (5) 47% of the studied rib spall was classified as blocky—this could indicate a high potential of rib hazards; and (6) rib injury rates of the studied mines for the last three years emphasize the need for more rib control management for mines operating at overburden depths between 152.4 m and 304.8 m.
机译：美国煤矿的肋骨支撑系统的设计主要基于当地的实践和经验。更好地了解美国煤矿当前的肋骨支撑做法对于开发完善的工程肋骨支撑设计工具至关重要。本文的目的是分析美国煤矿目前的肋骨控制实践。研究了20个地下煤矿，这些煤矿代表了各种煤盆地，煤层，地质，装载条件和肋骨控制策略。主要发现是：（1）任何肋骨设计指南或工具都应考虑外部肋骨支撑以及内部螺栓连接； （2）肋骨螺栓本身不能包含肋骨剥落，特别是在承受较大载荷的软肋骨中-在这种情况下，需要使用外部肋骨控制装置（例如网眼）来抑制肋骨脱落。 （3）大多数研究矿山遵循矿山安全与健康管理局发布的计划信息公告11-29建议的上覆深度和进入高度阈值； （4）当某些地质特征盛行时，潜在的肋骨失稳就发生了，这些特征包括肋骨/屋顶线附近的抽水板岩和/或骨煤，黏土部分和被岩层覆盖的软煤阶。 （5）47％的肋骨剥脱被归类为块状-这可能表明肋骨危害的可能性很高； （6）最近三年对研究矿井的肋骨损伤率强调，需要对覆盖层深度在152.4 m至304.8 m之间的矿井加强肋骨控制管理。

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