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Developments in Time-Division Multiplexing of X-ray Transition-Edge Sensors

机译:X射线过渡边缘传感器的时分多路复用技术的发展

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摘要

Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a mature scheme for the readout of arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TDM is based on superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) current amplifiers. Multiple spectrometers based on gamma-ray and X-ray microcalorimeters have been operated with TDM readout, each at the scale of 200 sensors per spectrometer, as have several astronomical cameras with thousands of sub-mm or microwave bolometers. Here we present the details of two different versions of our TDM system designed to read out X-ray TESs. The first has been field-deployed in two 160-sensor (8 columns × 20 rows) spectrometers and four 240-sensor (8 columns × 30 rows) spectrometers. It has a three-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 320 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.41 μΦ0/√Hz. The second, which is presently under development, has a two-SQUID-stage architecture, switches rows every 160 ns, and has total readout noise of 0.19 μΦ0/√Hz. Both quoted noise values are non-multiplexed and referred to the first-stage SQUID. In a demonstration of this new architecture, a multiplexed 1-column × 32-row array of NIST TESs achieved average energy resolution of 2.55±0.01 eV at 6 keV.
机译:时分复用(TDM)是一种成熟的方案,用于读取过渡边缘传感器(TES)的阵列。 TDM基于超导量子干扰设备(SQUID)电流放大器。多个基于伽马射线和X射线微热量计的光谱仪已经在TDM读数下运行,每个光谱仪每个光谱仪具有200个传感器的规模,还有几个具有数千个亚毫米或微波辐射热计的天文相机。在这里,我们介绍了设计用于读取X射线TES的TDM系统的两个不同版本的详细信息。第一个已在两个160传感器(8列×20行)光谱仪和四个240传感器(8列×30行)光谱仪中进行了现场部署。它具有三级SQUID级架构,每320 ns切换行一次,总读出噪声为0.41μΦ0/√Hz。目前正在开发的第二个器件具有两级SQUID级架构,每160 ns切换行,总读出噪声为0.19μΦ0/√Hz。两个引用的噪声值均未复用,并称为第一级SQUID。在这种新架构的演示中,NIST TES的1列×32行多路复用阵列在6 keV时实现了2.55±0.01 eV的平均能量分辨率。

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