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The dynamic behavior of microbubbles during long ultrasound tone-burst excitation: mechanistic insights into ultrasound-microbubble mediated therapeutics using high-speed imaging and cavitation detection

机译：长时间超声猝发激发期间微泡的动态行为：使用高速成像和空化检测的超声微泡介导疗法的机械学见解

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Ultrasound (US)-microbubble (MB) mediated therapies have been shown to restore perfusion and enhance drug/gene delivery. Due to the presumption that MBs do not persist during long US exposure under high acoustic pressures, most schemes utilize short US pulses when a high US pressure is employed. However, we recently observed an enhanced thrombolytic effect using long US pulses at high acoustic pressures. Therefore we explored the fate of MBs during long tone-burst exposures (5 ms) at various acoustic pressures and MB concentrations via direct high-speed optical observation and passive cavitation detection. MBs first underwent stable or inertial cavitation depending on the acoustic pressure, and then formed gas-filled clusters that continued to oscillate, break up, and form new clusters. Cavitation detection confirmed continued, albeit diminishing acoustic activity throughout the 5-ms US excitation. These data suggest that persisting cavitation activity during long tone-bursts may confer additional therapeutic effects.
机译：超声（US）-微泡（MB）介导的疗法已显示可恢复灌注并增强药物/基因的递送。由于推测MB在高声压下长时间暴露于美国期间不会持续存在，因此大多数方案在采用高US压力时会利用短US脉冲。但是，我们最近观察到在高声压下使用长US脉冲会增强溶栓作用。因此，我们通过直接高速光学观察和被动空化检测，探索了在各种声压和MB浓度下长时间音爆曝光（5 ms）期间MB的命运。 MB首先根据声压经历稳定或惯性的气蚀，然后形成充满气体的团簇，这些团簇继续振荡，破裂并形成新的团簇。尽管在整个5毫秒的US激发过程中声音活动都减少了，但空化检测仍在继续。这些数据表明在长声爆发期间持续的空化活动可能赋予其他治疗效果。

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