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Using Agent-Based Modelling to Predict the Role of Wild Refugia in the Evolution of Resistance of Sea Lice to Chemotherapeutants

机译:使用基于代理的模型来预测野生避难所在海虱对化学治疗剂抗性演变中的作用

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摘要

A major challenge for Atlantic salmon farming in the northern hemisphere is infestation by the sea louse parasite Lepeophtheirus salmonis. The most frequent method of controlling these sea louse infestations is through the use of chemical treatments. However, most major salmon farming areas have observed resistance to common chemotherapeutants. In terrestrial environments, many strategies employed to manage the evolution of resistance involve the use of refugia, where a portion of the population is left untreated to maintain susceptibility. While refugia have not been deliberately used in Atlantic salmon farming, wild salmon populations that migrate close to salmon farms may act as natural refugia. In this paper we describe an agent-based model that explores the influence of different sizes of wild salmon populations on resistance evolution in sea lice on a salmon farm. Using the model, we demonstrate that wild salmon populations can act as refugia that limit the evolution of resistance in the sea louse populations. Additionally, we demonstrate that an increase in the size of the population of wild salmon results in an increased effect in slowing the evolution of resistance. We explore the effect of a population fitness cost associated with resistance, finding that in some cases it substantially reduces the speed of evolution to chemical treatments.
机译:北半球大西洋鲑养殖的一个主要挑战是海虱寄生鲑鱼Leopophtheirus鲑鱼的侵扰。控制这些海虱侵扰的最常用方法是使用化学处理。但是,大多数主要的鲑鱼养殖区均已观察到对常见化学治疗剂的抵抗力。在陆地环境中,许多用于控制耐药性演变的策略都涉及避难所的使用,其中一部分人口未经治疗以保持易感性。虽然在大西洋鲑鱼养殖中没有故意使用避难所,但迁移到鲑鱼养殖场附近的野生鲑鱼种群可能会成为自然避难所。在本文中,我们描述了一种基于代理的模型,该模型探讨了不同大小的野生鲑鱼种群对鲑鱼养殖场中海虱抵抗力演变的影响。使用该模型,我们证明了野生鲑鱼种群可以充当避难所,从而限制了海虱种群中抗性的进化。此外,我们证明了野生鲑鱼种群数量的增加导致减慢抗药性进化的作用增加。我们探索了与抗药性相关的种群适应性成本的影响,发现在某些情况下它大大降低了化学疗法的发展速度。

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