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Agent-Based Model Forecasts Aging of the Population of People Who Inject Drugs in Metropolitan Chicago and Changing Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infections

机译:基于Agent的模型预测大都市芝加哥注射毒品人口的老龄化和丙型肝炎感染率的变化

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摘要

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for blood-borne pathogens transmitted during the sharing of contaminated injection equipment, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV prevalence is influenced by a complex interplay of drug-use behaviors, social networks, and geography, as well as the availability of interventions, such as needle exchange programs. To adequately address this complexity in HCV epidemic forecasting, we have developed a computational model, the Agent-based Pathogen Kinetics model (APK). APK simulates the PWID population in metropolitan Chicago, including the social interactions that result in HCV infection. We used multiple empirical data sources on Chicago PWID to build a spatial distribution of an in silico PWID population and modeled networks among the PWID by considering the geography of the city and its suburbs. APK was validated against 2012 empirical data (the latest available) and shown to agree with network and epidemiological surveys to within 1%. For the period 2010–2020, APK forecasts a decline in HCV prevalence of 0.8% per year from 44(±2)% to 36(±5)%, although some sub-populations would continue to have relatively high prevalence, including Non-Hispanic Blacks, 48(±5)%. The rate of decline will be lowest in Non-Hispanic Whites and we find, in a reversal of historical trends, that incidence among non-Hispanic Whites would exceed incidence among Non-Hispanic Blacks (0.66 per 100 per years vs 0.17 per 100 person years). APK also forecasts an increase in PWID mean age from 35(±1) to 40(±2) with a corresponding increase from 59(±2)% to 80(±6)% in the proportion of the population >30 years old. Our studies highlight the importance of analyzing subpopulations in disease predictions, the utility of computer simulation for analyzing demographic and health trends among PWID and serve as a tool for guiding intervention and prevention strategies in Chicago, and other major cities.
机译:注射毒品(PWID)的人极有可能在共享受污染的注射设备(尤其是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV))期间传播血液传播的病原体。 HCV的流行受到药物使用行为,社交网络和地理位置的复杂相互作用以及干预措施(如针头交换计划)的可用性的影响。为了充分应对HCV流行病预测中的这种复杂性,我们开发了一种计算模型,即基于Agent的病原体动力学模型(APK)。 APK模拟芝加哥市区的PWID人口,包括导致HCV感染的社交互动。我们使用芝加哥PWID上的多个经验数据源,通过考虑城市及其郊区的地理位置,建立了计算机上PWID人口的空间分布,并在PWID之间建立了网络模型。 APK已针对2012年的经验数据(最新可用数据)进行了验证,并显示与网络和流行病学调查的一致性在1%以内。在2010-2020年期间,APK预测HCV患病率将从每年44%(±2)%下降到36%(±5)%,每年下降0.8%,尽管某些亚人群仍将保持较高的患病率,包括非西班牙裔黑人,占48(±5)%。非西班牙裔白人的下降率最低,我们发现,在历史趋势的逆转中,非西班牙裔白人的发病率将超过非西班牙裔黑人的发病率(每100人年0.66,而每100人年0.17) )。 APK还预测PWID平均年龄将从35(±1)%增加到40(±2),并且在30岁以上人群中的比例从59(±2)%增加到80(±6)%。我们的研究强调了在疾病预测中分析亚人群的重要性,计算机模拟在分析PWID中人口和健康趋势方面的实用性,并作为指导芝加哥和其他主要城市的干预和预防策略的工具。

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