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Antecedents of maternal parenting stress: the role of attachment style prenatal attachment and dyadic adjustment in first-time mothers

机译：孕育父母压力的前因：依恋方式产前依恋和二代调节在初生母亲中的作用

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The transition to parenthood is widely considered a period of increased vulnerability often accompanied by stress. Abidin conceived parenting stress as referring to specific difficulties in adjusting to the parenting role. Most studies of psychological distress arising from the demands of parenting have investigated the impact of stress on the development of dysfunctional parent–child relationships and on adult and child psychopathology. Studies have largely focused on mothers’ postnatal experience; less attention has been devoted to maternal prenatal characteristics associated with subsequent parental stress and studies of maternal prenatal predictors are few. Furthermore, no studies have examined that association exclusively with samples of first-time mothers. With an observational prospective study design with two time periods, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of mothers’ attachment style, maternal prenatal attachment to the fetus and dyadic adjustment during pregnancy (7th months of gestation) and their potential unique contribution to parenting stress 3 months after childbirth in a sample of nulliparous women. Results showed significant correlations between antenatal measures. Maternal attachment style (especially relationship anxiety) was negatively correlated with prenatal attachment and with dyadic adjustment; positive correlations resulted between prenatal attachment and dyadic adjustment. Each of the investigated variables was also good predictor of parenting stress 3 months after childbirth. Findings suggested how these dimensions could be considered as risk factors in the transition to motherhood and in the very beginning of the emergence of the caregiving system, especially with first-time mothers.
机译：人们普遍认为，过渡为父母身分是脆弱性增加的时期，通常伴随着压力。阿比丁认为育儿压力是指在适应育儿角色方面的特殊困难。由养育子女的需求引起的大多数心理困扰的研究都调查了压力对功能障碍的亲子关系发展以及对成人和儿童心理病理学的影响。研究主要集中在母亲的产后经历。较少关注与随后父母压力相关的产前特征，对产前预测因子的研究很少。此外，还没有研究专门检查与初生母亲的样本之间的关系。通过一个有两个时间段的观察性前瞻性研究设计，本研究的目的是调查母亲的依恋方式，孕产妇对胎儿的依恋以及妊娠（妊娠第7个月）的二元调整的作用及其对母亲的潜在独特贡献。在一个未生育妇女的样本中，分娩后3个月的育儿压力。结果显示，产前测量之间存在显着相关性。产妇依恋方式（尤其是关系焦虑）与产前依恋和二元调整呈负相关。产前依恋与二元调整之间呈正相关。每个调查的变量也是分娩后3个月父母压力的良好预测指标。研究结果表明，在向母亲过渡和护理系统出现之初，尤其是初生母亲的情况下，如何将这些方面视为危险因素。

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