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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Photosynthetic and Growth Response of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Mature Trees and Seedlings to Calcium Magnesium and Nitrogen Additions in the Catskill Mountains NY USA
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Photosynthetic and Growth Response of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) Mature Trees and Seedlings to Calcium Magnesium and Nitrogen Additions in the Catskill Mountains NY USA

机译：美国纽约州卡茨基尔山的糖槭（Acer saccharum Marsh。）成熟树木和幼苗对钙镁和氮添加的光合和生长响应

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Decline of sugar maple in North American forests has been attributed to changes in soil calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N) by acidic precipitation. Although N is an essential and usually a limiting factor in forests, atmospheric N deposition may cause N-saturation leading to loss of soil Ca. Such changes can affect carbon gain and growth of sugar maple trees and seedlings. We applied a 22 factorial arrangement of N and dolomitic limestone containing Ca and Magnesium (Mg) to 12 forest plots in the Catskill Mountain region of NY, USA. To quantify the short-term effects, we measured photosynthetic-light responses of sugar maple mature trees and seedlings two or three times during two summers. We estimated maximum net photosynthesis (An-max) and its related light intensity (PAR at An-max), apparent quantum efficiency (A qe), and light compensation point (LCP). To quantify the long-term effects, we measured basal area of living mature trees before and 4 and 8 years after treatment applications. Soil and foliar chemistry variables were also measured. Dolomitic limestone increased Ca, Mg, and pH in the soil Oe horizon. Mg was increased in the B horizon when comparing the plots receiving N with those receiving CaMg. In mature trees, foliar Ca and Mg concentrations were higher in the CaMg and N+CaMg plots than in the reference or N plots; foliar Ca concentration was higher in the N+CaMg plots compared with the CaMg plots, foliar Mg was higher in the CaMg plots than the N+CaMg plots; An-max was maximized due to N+CaMg treatment; A qe decreased by N addition; and PAR at An-max increased by N or CaMg treatments alone, but the increase was maximized by their combination. No treatment effect was detected on basal areas of living mature trees four or eight years after treatment applications. In seedlings, An-max was increased by N+CaMg addition. The reference plots had an open herbaceous layer, but the plots receiving N had a dense monoculture of common woodfern in the forest floor, which can impede seedling survival.
机译：北美森林糖枫的下降归因于酸性降水引起的土壤钙（Ca）和氮（N）的变化。尽管氮是森林中必不可少的并且通常是限制因素，但大气中的氮沉积可能会导致氮饱和，从而导致土壤钙的流失。这种变化会影响碳的增加和糖枫树和幼苗的生长。在美国纽约州卡茨基尔山区的12个森林地块中，我们对N和含有Ca和镁（Mg）的白云质灰岩的2 2 阶乘布置进行了分析。为了量化短期影响，我们在两个夏天测量糖枫成熟树木和幼苗的光合光响应两次或三次。我们估算了最大净光合作用（An-max）及其相关的光强度（An-max处的PAR），表观量子效率（A qe）和光补偿点（LCP）。为了量化长期影响，我们测量了在处理前，处理后4年和8年活着的成熟树木的基础面积。还测量了土壤和叶面化学变量。白云质石灰岩增加了土壤Oe层中的Ca，Mg和pH。当比较接受N的地块与接受CaMg的地块时，B层中的Mg增加。在成熟树木中，CaMg和N + CaMg图中的叶面Ca和Mg浓度高于参考图或N图。与CaMg曲线相比，N + CaMg曲线中的叶面Ca浓度更高，CaMg曲线中的叶面Mg高于N + CaMg曲线。 N + CaMg处理使An-max最大化； Qe因添加N而降低；单独使用N或CaMg处理时，An-max处的PAR和PAR升高，但通过联合使用，其增加最大。应用处理后四到八年，未对成熟树木的基础区域检测到任何处理效果。在幼苗中，通过添加N + CaMg可以提高An-max。参考样地有开放的草本层，但是接受氮的样地在林地中有密集的普通木蕨单作，这会阻碍幼苗的存活。

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