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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Heavily Oiled Salt Marsh following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Ecological Comparisons of Shoreline Cleanup Treatments and Recovery
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Heavily Oiled Salt Marsh following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Ecological Comparisons of Shoreline Cleanup Treatments and Recovery

机译：深水地平线漏油事故后的重油盐沼海岸线清理处理和恢复的生态比较

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The Deepwater Horizon oil spill affected hundreds of kilometers of coastal wetland shorelines, including salt marshes with persistent heavy oiling that required intensive shoreline “cleanup” treatment. Oiled marsh treatment involves a delicate balance among: removing oil, speeding the degradation of remaining oil, protecting wildlife, fostering habitat recovery, and not causing further ecological damage with treatment. To examine the effectiveness and ecological effects of treatment during the emergency response, oiling characteristics and ecological parameters were compared over two years among heavily oiled test plots subject to: manual treatment, mechanical treatment, natural recovery (no treatment, oiled control), as well as adjacent reference conditions. An additional experiment compared areas with and without vegetation planting following treatment. Negative effects of persistent heavy oiling on marsh vegetation, intertidal invertebrates, and shoreline erosion were observed. In areas without treatment, oiling conditions and negative effects for most marsh parameters did not considerably improve over two years. Both manual and mechanical treatment were effective at improving oiling conditions and vegetation characteristics, beginning the recovery process, though recovery was not complete by two years. Mechanical treatment had additional negative effects of mixing oil into the marsh soils and further accelerating erosion. Manual treatment appeared to strike the right balance between improving oiling and habitat conditions while not causing additional detrimental effects. However, even with these improvements, marsh periwinkle snails showed minimal signs of recovery through two years, suggesting that some ecosystem components may lag vegetation recovery. Planting following treatment quickened vegetation recovery and reduced shoreline erosion. Faced with comparable marsh oiling in the future, we would recommend manual treatment followed by planting. We caution against the use of intensive treatment methods with lesser marsh oiling. Oiled controls (no treatment “set-asides”) are essential for judging marsh treatment effectiveness and ecological effects; we recommend their use when applying intensive treatment methods.
机译：“深水地平线”漏油事件影响了数百公里的沿海湿地海岸线，包括盐沼和持续不断的重油，需要对海岸线进行深入的“清理”处理。涂油沼泽处理涉及以下微妙的平衡：除油，加速剩余油的降解，保护野生动植物，促进栖息地恢复，并且不会因处理而造成进一步的生态破坏。为了检查在紧急情况下处理的有效性和生态效果，在两年内，对以下情况下的重油试验区的上油特性和生态参数进行了比较：手动处理，机械处理，自然恢复（不进行处理，上油控制）作为相邻的参考条件。另一个实验比较了处理后有无植被种植的地区。观察到持续的重油给沼泽植被，潮间带无脊椎动物和海岸线侵蚀带来负面影响。在未经处理的地区，两年内大部分沼泽参数的注油条件和负面影响都没有明显改善。手工和机械处理均有效地改善了注油条件和植被特征，开始了恢复过程，尽管恢复还不到两年。机械处理还具有将油混入沼泽土壤中并进一步加速侵蚀的其他负面影响。人工处理似乎在改善注油和栖息环境之间取得了适当的平衡，同时又不会造成其他有害影响。然而，即使进行了这些改进，沼泽的长春蜗牛在过去的两年中仍显示出极少的恢复迹象，这表明某些生态系统成分可能滞后于植被恢复。处理后的种植加快了植被恢复并减少了海岸线侵蚀。面对未来类似的沼泽上油，我们建议在种植后进行人工处理。我们告诫不要使用油浸较少的深层处理方法。上油的控制措施（无“解决方案”）对于判断沼泽处理的有效性和生态效果至关重要。我们建议在应用强化治疗方法时使用它们。

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