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Multi-Seasonal Nitrogen Recoveries from Crop Residue in Soil and Crop in a Temperate Agro-Ecosystem

机译：温带农业生态系统中土壤和农作物中作物残留的多季氮素回收

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In conservation tillage systems, at least 30% of the soil surface was covered by crop residues which generally contain significant amounts of nitrogen (N). However, little is known about the multi-seasonal recoveries of the N derived from these crop residues in soil-crop systems, notably in northeastern China. In a temperate agro-ecosystem, 15N-labeled maize residue was applied to field surfaces in the 1st year (2009). From the 2nd to 4th year (2010-2012), one treatment halted the application of maize residue, whereas the soil in the second treatment was re-applied with unlabeled maize residue. Crop and soil samples were collected after each harvest, and their 15N enrichments were determined on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to trace the allocation of N derived from the initially applied maize residue in the soil-crop systems. On average, 8.4% of the maize residue N was recovered in the soil-crop in the 1st year, and the vast majority (61.9%-91.9%) was recovered during subsequent years. Throughout the experiment, the cumulative recovery of the residue N in the crop increased gradually (18.2%-20.9%), but most of the residue N was retained in the soil, notably in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Compared to the single application, the sequential residue application significantly increased the recovery of the residue N in the soil profile (73.8% vs. 40.9%) and remarkably decreased the total and the initially applied residue derived mineral N along the soil profile. Our results suggested that the residue N was actively involved in N cycling, and its release and recovery in crop and soil profile were controlled by the decomposition process. Sequential residue application significantly enhanced the retention and stabilization of the initially applied residue N in the soil and retarded its translocation along the soil profile.
机译：在保护性耕作系统中，至少30％的土壤表面被通常含有大量氮（N）的农作物残留物覆盖。然而，人们对土壤作物系统中这些作物残留物产生的氮的多季节回收知之甚少，特别是在中国东北地区。在温带农业生态系统中， st 年（2009年）将 15 N标记的玉米残留物施用到田间表面。从第二年到第二年（2010-2012年），一种处理方法停止了玉米残留物的施用，而第二种处理方法中的土壤重新施用了未标记的玉米。玉米残留物。每次收获后收集作物和土壤样品，并在同位素比质谱仪上测定其 15 N富集量，以追踪源自最初施用的玉米残留物的N在土壤作物系统中的分配。在第一年中，平均从土壤作物中回收了8.4％的玉米残留氮，在随后的几年中回收了绝大多数（61.9％-91.9％）的玉米。在整个试验过程中，农作物中残留氮的累积回收率逐渐增加（18.2％-20.9％），但大部分残留氮保留在土壤中，特别是0-10厘米土壤层。与单次施用相比，顺序施用残留物显着提高了土壤剖面中残留N的回收率（73.8％对40.9％），并显着减少了沿土壤剖面的残留量和最初施用的残留矿物N。我们的结果表明，残留氮元素积极参与氮素循环，其在作物和土壤剖面中的释放和恢复受分解过程的控制。顺序施用残留物显着增强了最初施用的残留物N在土壤中的保留和稳定性，并阻碍了其沿土壤剖面的迁移。

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