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Can you hear my age? Influences of speech rate and speech spontaneity on estimation of speaker age

机译：你能听到我的年龄吗？语速和言语自发性对说话人年龄估计的影响

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摘要

Cognitive hearing science is mainly about the study of how cognitive factors contribute to speech comprehension, but cognitive factors also partake in speech processing to infer non-linguistic information from speech signals, such as the intentions of the talker and the speaker’s age. Here, we report two experiments on age estimation by “naïve” listeners. The aim was to study how speech rate influences estimation of speaker age by comparing the speakers’ natural speech rate with increased or decreased speech rate. In Experiment 1, listeners were presented with audio samples of read speech from three different speaker age groups (young, middle aged, and old adults). They estimated the speakers as younger when speech rate was faster than normal and as older when speech rate was slower than normal. This speech rate effect was slightly greater in magnitude for older (60–65 years) speakers in comparison with younger (20–25 years) speakers, suggesting that speech rate may gain greater importance as a perceptual age cue with increased speaker age. This pattern was more pronounced in Experiment 2, in which listeners estimated age from spontaneous speech. Faster speech rate was associated with lower age estimates, but only for older and middle aged (40–45 years) speakers. Taken together, speakers of all age groups were estimated as older when speech rate decreased, except for the youngest speakers in Experiment 2. The absence of a linear speech rate effect in estimates of younger speakers, for spontaneous speech, implies that listeners use different age estimation strategies or cues (possibly vocabulary) depending on the age of the speaker and the spontaneity of the speech. Potential implications for forensic investigations and other applied domains are discussed.
机译：认知听力科学主要是关于认知因素如何促进语音理解的研究，但是认知因素也参与语音处理以从语音信号中推断非语言信息，例如说话者的意图和说话者的年龄。在这里，我们报告了“天真的”听众进行年龄估计的两个实验。目的是通过比较说话者的自然语速与增加或减少的语速来研究语速对说话者年龄估计的影响。在实验1中，向听众提供了来自三个不同说话者年龄组（年轻人，中年人和老年人）的阅读语音音频样本。他们估计，说话人的速度比正常人快时，说话者年龄较小；说话人的速度比正常人慢时，说话者年龄较大。与年龄较小（20-25岁）的说话者相比，年龄较大（60-65岁）的说话者的语速影响程度稍大，这表明随着讲话者年龄的增加，作为感知年龄的提示，语速可能会变得更加重要。在实验2中，这种模式更为明显，在实验2中，听众通过自发的语音来估计年龄。较高的语速与较低的年龄估计值相关，但仅适用于年龄较大的中年（40-45岁）说话者。总体而言，当语音速率降低时，所有年龄组的说话者都被估计为年龄较大，实验2中最年轻的说话者除外。对于自发性言语，年轻说话者的估计中不存在线性语速效应，这意味着听众使用的年龄不同评估策略或提示（可能是词汇），具体取决于说话者的年龄和讲话的自发性。讨论了法医调查和其他应用领域的潜在含义。

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