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Effects of Increasing Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Current Intensity on Cortical Sensorimotor Network Activation: A Time Domain fNIRS Study

机译：神经肌肉电刺激电流强度增加对皮层感觉运动网络激活的影响：时域fNIRS研究。

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Neuroimaging studies have shown neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-evoked movements activate regions of the cortical sensorimotor network, including the primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and secondary somatosensory area (S2), as well as regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) known to be involved in pain processing. The aim of this study, on nine healthy subjects, was to compare the cortical network activation profile and pain ratings during NMES of the right forearm wrist extensor muscles at increasing current intensities up to and slightly over the individual maximal tolerated intensity (MTI), and with reference to voluntary (VOL) wrist extension movements. By exploiting the capability of the multi-channel time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique to relate depth information to the photon time-of-flight, the cortical and superficial oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin concentrations were estimated. The O2Hb and HHb maps obtained using the General Linear Model (NIRS-SPM) analysis method, showed that the VOL and NMES-evoked movements significantly increased activation (i.e., increase in O2Hb and corresponding decrease in HHb) in the cortical layer of the contralateral sensorimotor network (SMC, PMC/SMA, and S2). However, the level and area of contralateral sensorimotor network (including PFC) activation was significantly greater for NMES than VOL. Furthermore, there was greater bilateral sensorimotor network activation with the high NMES current intensities which corresponded with increased pain ratings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that greater bilateral sensorimotor network activation profile with high NMES current intensities could be in part attributable to increased attentional/pain processing and to increased bilateral sensorimotor integration in these cortical regions.
机译：神经影像学研究表明，神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）引起的运动激活了皮质感觉运动网络的区域，包括初级感觉运动皮层（SMC），运动前皮层（PMC），辅助运动区域（SMA）和次级躯体感觉区域（S2）以及已知参与疼痛处理的前额叶皮层（PFC）区域。这项研究的目的是对9位健康受试者进行比较，以比较右前臂腕伸肌NMES在电流强度增加时达到和略超过个体最大耐受强度（MTI）时的皮质网络激活曲线和疼痛等级，并且参考自愿（VOL）手腕伸展运动。通过利用多通道时域功能近红外光谱技术将深度信息与光子飞行时间相关联的能力，可以估算皮层和表面氧合（O2Hb）和氧合（HHb）血红蛋白浓度。使用通用线性模型（NIRS-SPM）分析方法获得的O2Hb和HHb图显示，对侧皮质层中VOL和NMES引起的运动显着增加了激活（即O2Hb的增加和HHb的相应减少）感觉运动网络（SMC，PMC / SMA和S2）。但是，NMES的对侧感觉运动网络（包括PFC）激活的水平和面积明显大于VOL。此外，在高NMES电流强度的情况下，双侧感觉运动网络的激活程度更高，这与增加的疼痛等级相对应。总之，我们的发现表明，具有较高NMES电流强度的更大的双边感觉运动网络激活特征可能部分归因于这些皮质区域中注意力/疼痛过程的增加以及双边感觉运动的整合。

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