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Carry-Over or Compensation? The Impact of Winter Harshness and Post-Winter Body Condition on Spring-Fattening in a Migratory Goose Species

机译：结转还是补偿？迁徙鹅种冬季严寒和冬季后身体状况对春季繁殖的影响

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摘要

Environmental conditions at one point of the annual cycle of migratory species may lead to cross-seasonal effects affecting fitness in subsequent seasons. Based on a long-term mark-resighting dataset and scoring of body condition in an arctic breeding goose species, we demonstrate a substantial effect of winter harshness on post-winter body condition. However, this effect was compensated along the spring migration corridor, and did not persist long enough to influence future reproduction. This highlights the importance of temporal scale when assessing impacts of environmental effects, and suggests a state-dependent physiological mechanism adjusting energy accumulation according to internal energy stores carried into spring. In support of these findings, the development of body condition was unaffected by whether geese used supplementary feeding sites or not. While there was no effect of winter harshness on the average population pre-breeding body condition, individual variations in early spring body condition (probably related to different life-histories) were partly traceable throughout spring. This strongly indicates a carry-over effect on the individual level, possibly related to differences in dominance, site use, disturbance or migration strategy, which may potentially affect future reproduction.
机译：一年一度的迁徙物种的环境条件可能导致跨季节的影响，影响后续季节的适应性。基于长期标记回顾数据集和北极繁殖鹅物种身体状况的评分，我们证明了冬季严酷性对冬季后身体状况的重大影响。但是，这种影响在春季迁徙走廊上得到了补偿，并且持续时间不足以影响将来的繁殖。这突出了评估环境效应影响时时间尺度的重要性，并提出了一种状态相关的生理机制，可根据进入春季的内部能量储存来调节能量积累。为了支持这些发现，鹅是否使用辅助喂养部位并不影响身体状况的发展。虽然冬季严酷对平均种群繁殖前的身体状况没有影响，但早春的身体状况（可能与不同的生活史有关）的个体变化在整个春季都可以部分追踪。这有力地表明了对个人的影响，这可能与优势，场地使用，干扰或迁移策略的差异有关，这可能会影响未来的繁殖。

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