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Influence of Seasonal Food Availability on the Dynamics of Seabird Feeding Flocks at a Coastal Upwelling Area

机译：季节性食物供应量对沿海上升流区海鸟饲养群动态的影响

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摘要

The formation of multi-species feeding flocks (MSFFs) through visual recruitment is considered an important strategy for obtaining food in seabirds and its functionality has been ascribed to enhanced foraging efficiency. Its use has been demonstrated in much of the world's oceans and includes numerous species. However, there is scant information on the temporal stability of the composition and abundance of MSFFs as well as the effect of seasonal food availability on their dynamics. Between July 2006 and September 2014, we conducted monthly at-sea seabird counts at Valparaiso Bay (32°56′ to 33°01′S, 71°36′ to 71°46′W) within the area of influence of the Humboldt Current in central Chile. This area is characterized by a marked seasonality in primary and secondary production associated with upwelling, mainly during austral spring-summer. Based on studies that provide evidence that flocking is most frequent when food is both scarce and patchy, we hypothesized that seabird MSFF attributes (i.e. frequency of occurrence, abundance and composition) will be modified according to the seasonal availability of food. Using generalized linear models (GLMs), our results show that the contrasting seasonality in food availability of the study area (using chlorophyll-a concentration as a proxy) had no significant influence on MSFF attributes, sparsely explaining their variations (P>0.05). Rather than seasonal food availability, the observed pattern for MSFF attributes at Valparaiso Bay suggests a substantial influence of reproductive and migratory (boreal and austral migrants) habits of birds that modulates MSFF dynamics consistently throughout the whole year in this highly variable and patchy environment. We highlight the importance of visual recruitment as a mechanism by which migratory and resident birds interact. This would allow them to reduce resource unpredictability, which in turn has a major impact on structuring seabird’s MSFF dynamics.
机译：通过视觉募集形成多物种的饲喂鸡群（MSFF）被认为是获取海鸟食物的重要策略，其功能已被归因于提高觅食效率。它的用途已在世界上许多海洋中得到证明，其中包括许多物种。但是，关于MSFF的时间稳定性和丰度以及季节性食物供应对其动态的影响的信息很少。在2006年7月至2014年9月之间，我们每月在洪堡潮流影响区域内的瓦尔帕莱索湾（32°56′至33°01′S，71°36′至71°46′W）进行海上海鸟计数。在智利中部。该地区的特点是主要与春季上升有关的一次生和次生与上升有关的明显季节性。基于提供证据表明当食物既稀缺又不整齐时，植绒最频繁的研究，我们假设海鸟MSFF属性（即发生频率，丰度和组成）将根据食物的季节性供应而改变。使用广义线性模型（GLM），我们的结果表明，研究区域食物可用性的季节性差异（使用叶绿素a浓度作为代理）对MSFF属性没有显着影响，稀疏地解释了它们的差异（P> 0.05）。在瓦尔帕莱索湾观察到的MSFF属性的模式，不是季节性的食物供应，而是表明鸟类的繁殖和迁徙（北方和南方移民）习惯的重大影响，在这种高度多变且零散的环境中，全年都在不断调节MSFF的动态。我们强调视觉募集作为迁徙鸟类和常驻鸟类相互作用的机制的重要性。这将使他们减少资源的不可预测性，进而对构建海鸟的MSFF动态产生重大影响。

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    Cristóbal Anguita; Alejandro Simeone;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(10),6
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 e0131327
  • 总页数 18
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