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Length and orientation constancy learning in 2-dimensions with auditory sensory substitution: the importance of self-initiated movement

机译：二维和听觉感觉替代的长度和方向恒定性学习：自发运动的重要性

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摘要

A subset of sensory substitution (SS) devices translate images into sounds in real time using a portable computer, camera, and headphones. Perceptual constancy is the key to understanding both functional and phenomenological aspects of perception with SS. In particular, constancies enable object externalization, which is critical to the performance of daily tasks such as obstacle avoidance and locating dropped objects. In order to improve daily task performance by the blind, and determine if constancies can be learned with SS, we trained blind (N = 4) and sighted (N = 10) individuals on length and orientation constancy tasks for 8 days at about 1 h per day with an auditory SS device. We found that blind and sighted performance at the constancy tasks significantly improved, and attained constancy performance that was above chance. Furthermore, dynamic interactions with stimuli were critical to constancy learning with the SS device. In particular, improved task learning significantly correlated with the number of spontaneous left-right head-tilting movements while learning length constancy. The improvement from previous head-tilting trials even transferred to a no-head-tilt condition. Therefore, not only can SS learning be improved by encouraging head movement while learning, but head movement may also play an important role in learning constancies in the sighted. In addition, the learning of constancies by the blind and sighted with SS provides evidence that SS may be able to restore vision-like functionality to the blind in daily tasks.
机译：感觉替代（SS）设备的子集可以使用便携式计算机，相机和耳机将图像实时转换为声音。知觉的恒定性是理解SS知觉的功能和现象学方面的关键。尤其是，一致性可以实现对象外部化，这对于执行日常任务（例如避开障碍物和放置掉落的对象）至关重要。为了提高盲人的日常任务性能，并确定是否可以通过SS学习一致性，我们在大约1小时的8天中对盲人（N = 4）和有视力（N = 10）的人进行了长度和方向恒定任务的培训每天使用听觉SS设备。我们发现，恒定任务的视力和视力性能得到显着改善，并获得了超出偶然性的恒定性能。此外，与刺激的动态交互对于使用SS设备进行持续学习至关重要。特别是，改进的任务学习与学习长度恒定性时自发左右左右倾斜运动的数量显着相关。以前的头部倾斜试验带来的改善甚至转移到了无头部倾斜的情况。因此，不仅可以通过在学习时鼓励头部运动来改善SS学习，而且头部运动在视力稳定的学习者中也可能起重要作用。此外，盲人和有视力的盲人学习常识也提供了证据，表明SS可能能够在日常任务中为盲人恢复视觉功能。

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