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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >The Effect of Chemical Amendments Used for Phosphorus Abatement on Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle Slurry: Synergies and Pollution Swapping
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The Effect of Chemical Amendments Used for Phosphorus Abatement on Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle Slurry: Synergies and Pollution Swapping

机译：用于减磷的化学修正剂对奶牛粪便温室气体和氨气排放的影响：协同作用和污染交换

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Land application of cattle slurry can result in incidental and chronic phosphorus (P) loss to waterbodies, leading to eutrophication. Chemical amendment of slurry has been proposed as a management practice, allowing slurry nutrients to remain available to plants whilst mitigating P losses in runoff. The effectiveness of amendments is well understood but their impacts on other loss pathways (so-called ‘pollution swapping’ potential) and therefore the feasibility of using such amendments has not been examined to date. The aim of this laboratory scale study was to determine how the chemical amendment of slurry affects losses of NH3, CH4, N2O, and CO2. Alum, FeCl2, Polyaluminium chloride (PAC)- and biochar reduced NH3 emissions by 92, 54, 65 and 77% compared to the slurry control, while lime increased emissions by 114%. Cumulative N2O emissions of cattle slurry increased when amended with alum and FeCl2 by 202% and 154% compared to the slurry only treatment. Lime, PAC and biochar resulted in a reduction of 44, 29 and 63% in cumulative N2O loss compared to the slurry only treatment. Addition of amendments to slurry did not significantly affect soil CO2 release during the study while CH4 emissions followed a similar trend for all of the amended slurries applied, with an initial increase in losses followed by a rapid decrease for the duration of the study. All of the amendments examined reduced the initial peak in CH4 emissions compared to the slurry only treatment. There was no significant effect of slurry amendments on global warming potential (GWP) caused by slurry land application, with the exception of biochar. After considering pollution swapping in conjunction with amendment effectiveness, the amendments recommended for further field study are PAC, alum and lime. This study has also shown that biochar has potential to reduce GHG losses arising from slurry application.
机译：牛粪的土地施用会导致水体偶然和长期损失磷（P），导致富营养化。提出了对泥浆进行化学改良的一种管理方法，可以使泥浆养分对植物保持可用，同时减少径流中的磷损失。修正的有效性已广为人知，但它们对其他损失途径（所谓的“污染交换”潜力）的影响以及因此至今尚未研究使用此类修正的可行性。这项实验室规模研究的目的是确定浆料的化学改性剂如何影响NH3，CH4，N2O和CO2的损失。与浆料控制相比，明矾，FeCl2，聚氯化铝（PAC）和生物炭减少了92％，54％，65％和77％的NH3排放，而石灰增加了114％的排放。与仅使用浆料的处理相比，用明矾和FeCl2修正的牛浆料的N2O累积排放量增加了202％和154％。与仅浆料处理相比，石灰，PAC和生物炭可减少44％，29％和63％的累积N2O损失。在研究过程中，在泥浆中添加修正剂不会显着影响土壤中的CO2释放，而所有已应用的泥浆中CH4的排放量都遵循类似的趋势，在研究过程中损失开始时先增加，然后迅速减少。与仅使用浆料的处理相比，所检查的所有修正案均降低了CH4排放的初始峰值。除生物炭外，泥浆改良剂对泥浆土地施用对全球变暖潜能值（GWP）的影响不明显。在考虑了污染交换和修正案的有效性之后，建议进一步研究的修正案是PAC，明矾和石灰。这项研究还表明，生物炭具有减少因施用浆料而造成的温室气体损失的潜力。

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