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Lineage Range Estimation Method Reveals Fine-Scale Endemism Linked to Pleistocene Stability in Australian Rainforest Herpetofauna

机译：谱系范围估计方法揭示了与澳大利亚雨林Herpetofauna更新世稳定性有关的小规模特有性

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摘要

Areas of suitable habitat for species and communities have arisen, shifted, and disappeared with Pleistocene climate cycles, and through this shifting landscape, current biodiversity has found paths to the present. Evolutionary refugia, areas of relative habitat stability in this shifting landscape, support persistence of lineages through time, and are thus crucial to the accumulation and maintenance of biodiversity. Areas of endemism are indicative of refugial areas where diversity has persisted, and endemism of intraspecific lineages in particular is strongly associated with late-Pleistocene habitat stability. However, it remains a challenge to consistently estimate the geographic ranges of intraspecific lineages and thus infer phylogeographic endemism, because spatial sampling for genetic analyses is typically sparse relative to species records. We present a novel technique to model the geographic distribution of intraspecific lineages, which is informed by the ecological niche of a species and known locations of its constituent lineages. Our approach allows for the effects of isolation by unsuitable habitat, and captures uncertainty in the extent of lineage ranges. Applying this method to the arc of rainforest areas spanning 3500 km in eastern Australia, we estimated lineage endemism for 53 species of rainforest dependent herpetofauna with available phylogeographic data. We related endemism to the stability of rainforest habitat over the past 120,000 years and identified distinct concentrations of lineage endemism that can be considered putative refugia. These areas of lineage endemism are strongly related to historical stability of rainforest habitat, after controlling for the effects of current environment. In fact, a dynamic stability model that allows movement to track suitable habitat over time was the most important factor in explaining current patterns of endemism. The techniques presented here provide an objective, practical method for estimating geographic ranges below the species level, and including them in spatial analyses of biodiversity.
机译：随着更新世气候周期的出现，适合物种和社区栖息的区域已经出现，转移和消失，通过这种变化的景观，当前的生物多样性已经找到了通往现在的道路。进化避难所是这种不断变化的景观中相对栖息地相对稳定的区域，支持世袭的持久存在，因此对于生物多样性的积累和维持至关重要。地方性地区是多样性持续存在的避难所地区的指示，特别是种内谱系的地方性与晚更新世栖息地的稳定性密切相关。但是，始终估计种内谱系的地理范围并由此推断系统地理特有性仍然是一个挑战，因为用于遗传分析的空间采样通常相对于物种记录稀疏。我们提出一种新的技术来建模种内谱系的地理分布，这是由一个物种的生态位及其组成谱系的已知位置决定的。我们的方法允许通过不合适的栖息地进行隔离，并捕获沿袭范围的不确定性。将这种方法应用于澳大利亚东部3500公里范围内的热带雨林地区，我们利用现有的地理学数据估计了53种热带雨林引起的爬虫类动物的沿袭特有性。在过去的120,000年中，我们将特有性与雨林栖息地的稳定性相关联，并确定了不同的世系特有性集中度，可以将其视为推定的避难所。在控制了当前环境的影响之后，这些沿袭地方性地区与雨林栖息地的历史稳定性密切相关。实际上，动态稳定性模型允许运动随时间推移追踪合适的栖息地，这是解释当前特有模式的最重要因素。本文介绍的技术提供了一种客观，实用的方法来估算物种以下的地理范围，并将其包括在生物多样性的空间分析中。

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