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Seasonal Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Rainforest Frog (Litoria rheocola) Threatened by Disease

机译：受疾病威胁的濒危雨林蛙（Litoria rheocola）的季节性生态和行为

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摘要

One of the most devastating wildlife diseases ever recorded is chytridiomycosis, a recently emerged amphibian disease that is caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Understanding, predicting, and managing the impacts of chytridiomycosis on any amphibian species will require detailed information on its ecology and behavior because this pathogen is transmitted by contact with water or other individuals, and pathogen growth rates are thermally sensitive. The common mistfrog (Litoria rheocola) is an endangered tropical rainforest frog that has declined due to chytridiomycosis. We tracked L. rheocola during the winter (cool/dry) and summer (warm/wet) seasons at a low- and high-elevation site. We found that seasonal differences in environmental temperatures and frog behavior should render this species most vulnerable to B. dendrobatidis during cooler months and at higher elevations, which matches observed patterns of infection prevalence in this species. During winter, frogs moved shorter distances than during summer, and they spent less time in vegetation and more time in the stream, which should increase exposure to aquatic B. dendrobatidis zoospores. At a low-elevation site (40 m ASL), estimated body temperatures were within the optimal range for B. dendrobatidis growth (15-25°C) most of the time during winter, but they reached temperatures above this threshold frequently in summer. At a higher elevation (750 m ASL), estimated body temperatures were within the range most favorable for B. dendrobatidis year-round, and did not exceed 25°C, even during summer. Our study provides the first detailed information on the ecology and behavior of L. rheocola and suggests ecological mechanisms for infection dynamics that have been observed in this endangered species.
机译：迄今记录到的最具破坏力的野生动物疾病之一是乳糜菌病，这是一种最近出现的两栖动物疾病，由乳糜菌Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis引起。了解，预测和管理乳糜菌对任何两栖动物的影响将需要有关其生态学和行为的详细信息，因为该病原体是通过与水或其他个体接触传播的，并且病原体的生长速率是热敏感的。普通的雾蛙（Litoria rheocola）是一种濒临灭绝的热带雨林蛙，由于乳糜菌病而下降。在冬季（凉爽/干燥）和夏季（暖/湿）季节，我们在低海拔和高海拔站点上追踪了Rheocola。我们发现，环境温度和青蛙行为的季节性差异应使该物种在较凉的月份和更高的海拔高度最容易受到B. dendrobatidis的侵袭，这与该物种的感染流行模式相符。在冬季，青蛙的移动距离比夏天短，它们在植被中的停留时间更少，在河流中的停留时间更长，这将增加对水生B. dendrobatidis游动孢子的暴露。在低海拔地区（40 m ASL），估计的体温在冬季大部分时间都处于树状芽孢杆菌生长的最佳范围内（15-25°C），但在夏天它们经常达到高于该阈值的温度。在更高的海拔（750 m ASL）下，估计的体温处于全年对B. dendrobatidis最有利的范围内，即使在夏季也不会超过25°C。我们的研究提供了关于水生紫苏的生态和行为的第一份详细信息，并提出了在该濒危物种中观察到的感染动态的生态机制。

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    Elizabeth A. Roznik; Ross A. Alford;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(10),5
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 e0127851
  • 总页数 17
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