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An Analysis of Artificial Reef Fish Community Structure along the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Shelf: Potential Impacts of Rigs-to-Reefs Programs

机译：墨西哥湾西北部大陆架上的人工礁鱼群落结构分析：从礁到礁计划的潜在影响

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摘要

Artificial structures are the dominant complex marine habitat type along the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) shelf. These habitats can consist of a variety of materials, but in this region are primarily comprised of active and reefed oil and gas platforms. Despite being established for several decades, the fish communities inhabiting these structures remain poorly investigated. Between 2012 and 2013 we assessed fish communities at 15 sites using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Fish assemblages were quantified from standing platforms and an array of artificial reef types (Liberty Ships and partially removed or toppled platforms) distributed over the Texas continental shelf. The depth gradient covered by the surveys (30–84 m) and variability in structure density and relief also permitted analyses of the effects of these characteristics on fish richness, diversity, and assemblage composition. ROVs captured a variety of species inhabiting these reefs from large transient piscivores to small herbivorous reef fishes. While structure type and relief were shown to influence species richness and community structure, major trends in species composition were largely explained by the bottom depth where these structures occurred. We observed a shift in fish communities and relatively high diversity at approximately 60 m bottom depth, confirming trends observed in previous studies of standing platforms. This depth was also correlated with some of the largest Red Snapper captured on supplementary vertical longline surveys. Our work indicates that managers of artificial reefing programs (e.g., Rigs-to-Reefs) in the GOM should carefully consider the ambient environmental conditions when designing reef sites. For the Texas continental shelf, reefing materials at a 50–60 m bottom depth can serve a dual purpose of enhancing diving experiences and providing the best potential habitat for relatively large Red Snapper.
机译：人工结构是墨西哥西北海湾（GOM）大陆架上主要的复杂海洋生境类型。这些栖息地可以由多种材料组成，但在该地区主要由活跃的和礁石化的油气平台组成。尽管建立了几十年，但居住在这些结构中的鱼类群落的研究仍很少。在2012年至2013年之间，我们使用遥控车辆（ROV）对15个地点的鱼类群落进行了评估。从站立的平台和分布在得克萨斯州大陆架上的一系列人工礁石类型（自由船和部分拆除或倾倒的平台）对鱼群进行量化。调查所涵盖的深度梯度（30-84 m）以及结构密度和起伏的变化也允许分析这些特征对鱼类丰富度，多样性和组合组成的影响。 ROV捕获了居住在这些礁石中的各种物种，从大型瞬时食食动物到小型草食性礁鱼。虽然显示出结构类型和起伏会影响物种的丰富度和群落结构，但物种组成的主要趋势很大程度上是由这些结构发生的底部深度来解释的。我们在大约60 m的底部深度观察到鱼类群落的变化和相对较高的多样性，这证实了先前在站立平台研究中观察到的趋势。该深度还与补充垂直延绳钓调查中捕获的一些最大的红鲷鱼相关。我们的工作表明，GOM中人工礁石计划（例如，从礁石到礁石）的管理者在设计礁石场所时应仔细考虑周围环境条件。对于得克萨斯州的大陆架而言，底部深度为50-60 m的礁石材料可以起到双重作用，既可以增强潜水体验，又可以为较大的红鲷鱼提供最佳的栖息地。

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