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Nonlinear 3D Projection Printing of Concave Hydrogel Microstructures for Long-Term Multicellular Spheroid and Embryoid Body Culture

机译:凹形水凝胶微结构的非线性3D投影印刷用于长期多细胞球体和胚状体培养

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摘要

Long-term culture and monitoring of individual multicellular spheroids and embryoid bodies (EBs) remains a challenge for in vitro cell propogation. Here, we used a continuous 3D projection printing approach – with an important modification of nonlinear exposure — to generate concave hydrogel microstructures that permit spheroid growth and long-term maintenance, without the need for spheroid transfer. Breast cancer spheroids grown to 10 d in the concave structures showed hypoxic cores and signs of necrosis using immunofluorescent and histochemical staining, key features of the tumor microenvironment in vivo. EBs consisting of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) grown on the hydrogels demonstrated narrow size distribution and undifferentiated markers at 3 d, followed by signs of differentiation by the presence of cavities and staining of the three germ layers at 10 d. These findings demonstrate a new method for long-term (e.g. beyond spheroid formation at day 2, and with media exchange) 3D cell culture that should be able to assist in cancer spheroid studies as well as embryogenesis and patient-derived disease modeling with iPSC EBs.
机译:长期培养和监测单个多细胞球体和类胚体(EB)仍然是体外细胞繁殖的挑战。在这里,我们使用了连续的3D投影打印方法(对非线性曝光进行了重要的修改)来生成凹状水凝胶微结构,该结构允许球状体的生长和长期维护,而无需球状体的转移。使用免疫荧光和组织化学染色,在凹形结构中生长至10 d的乳腺癌球体显示出低氧核心和坏死迹象,这是体内肿瘤微环境的关键特征。由在水凝胶上生长的诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC)组成的EB在3 d处显示出狭窄的大小分布和未分化的标志物,随后在10 d处出现空洞和三个胚层染色,从而出现分化迹象。这些发现证明了一种用于长期(例如,在第2天超过球体形成并进行培养基交换)的3D细胞培养新方法,该方法应能够协助癌症球体研究以及用iPSC EB进行胚胎发生和患者源性疾病建模。

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