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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Plant Science >Sarmentine a natural herbicide from Piper species with multiple herbicide mechanisms of action
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Sarmentine a natural herbicide from Piper species with multiple herbicide mechanisms of action

机译：Sarmentine来自Piper物种的天然除草剂具有多种除草剂作用机理

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摘要

Sarmentine, 1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-(2E,4E)-2,4-decadien-1-one, is a natural amide isolated from the fruits of Piper species. The compound has a number of interesting biological properties, including its broad-spectrum activity on weeds as a contact herbicide. Initial studies highlighted a similarity in response between plants treated with sarmentine and herbicidal soaps such as pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid). However, little was known about the mechanism of action leading to the rapid desiccation of foliage treated by sarmentine. In cucumber cotyledon disc-assays, sarmentine induced rapid light-independent loss of membrane integrity at 100 μM or higher concentration, whereas 3 mM pelargonic acid was required for a similar effect. Sarmentine was between 10 and 30 times more active than pelargonic acid on wild mustard, velvetleaf, redroot pigweed and crabgrass. Additionally, the potency of 30 μM sarmentine was greatly stimulated by light, suggesting that this natural product may also interfere with photosynthetic processes. This was confirmed by observing a complete inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport at that concentration. Sarmentine also acted as an inhibitor of photosystem II (PSII) on isolated thylakoid membranes by competing for the binding site of plastoquinone. This can be attributed in part to structural similarities between herbicides like sarmentine and diuron. While this mechanism of action accounts for the light stimulation of the activity of sarmentine, it does not account for its ability to destabilize membranes in darkness. In this respect, sarmentine has some structural similarity to crotonoyl-CoA, the substrate of enoyl-ACP reductase, a key enzyme in the early steps of fatty acid synthesis. Inhibitors of this enzyme, such as triclosan, cause rapid loss of membrane integrity in the dark. Sarmentine inhibited the activity of enoyl-ACP reductase, with an I50app of 18.3 μM. Therefore, the herbicidal activity of sarmentine appears to be a complex process associated with multiple mechanisms of action.
机译：Sarmentine是1-（1-吡咯烷基）-（2E，4E）-2,4-癸二烯-1-酮，是从Piper物种的果实中分离的天然酰胺。该化合物具有许多令人感兴趣的生物学特性，包括其作为接触性除草剂对杂草的广谱活性。最初的研究强调了用沙门汀和除草皂（如壬酸（壬酸））处理过的植物在反应上的相似性。然而，对于由沙门汀处理过的导致叶片快速干燥的作用机理知之甚少。在黄瓜子叶盘片测定中，沙门汀在100μM或更高浓度下会引起与光无关的膜完整性快速丧失，而需要3 mM的壬酸才能达到类似的效果。 Sarmentine在野芥菜，绒毛，红根藜和马鞭草上的活性比壬酸高10到30倍。此外，光照极大地刺激了30μM沙门汀的效价，表明这种天然产物也可能干扰光合作用。通过在该浓度下观察到对光合电子传输的完全抑制，可以证实这一点。 Sarmentine还通过竞争质体醌的结合位点，在分离的类囊体膜上充当光系统II（PSII）的抑制剂。这可以部分归因于像sarmentine和diuron这样的除草剂之间的结构相似性。尽管这种作用机制说明了光刺激了sarmentine的活性，但并未说明其在黑暗中破坏膜稳定的能力。在这方面，sarmentine与巴豆酰辅酶A（烯酰ACP还原酶的底物）具有某些结构相似性，巴豆酰辅酶A是脂肪酸合成早期步骤中的关键酶。这种酶的抑制剂，例如三氯生，在黑暗中会导致膜完整性的快速丧失。 Sarmentine抑制了烯酰基ACP还原酶的活性，I50app为18.3μM。因此，沙门汀的除草活性似乎是与多种作用机理相关的复杂过程。

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