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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>other >Peach Water Relations Gas Exchange Growth and Shoot Mortality under Water Deficit in Semi-Arid Weather Conditions
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Peach Water Relations Gas Exchange Growth and Shoot Mortality under Water Deficit in Semi-Arid Weather Conditions

机译：半干旱天气缺水条件下桃的水分关系气体交换生长和枝条死亡率

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In this study the sensitivity of peach tree (Prunus persica L.) to three water stress levels from mid-pit hardening until harvest was assessed. Seasonal patterns of shoot and fruit growth, gas exchange (leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) as well as carbon (C) storage/mobilization were evaluated in relation to plant water status. A simple C balance model was also developed to investigate sink-source relationship in relation to plant water status at the tree level. The C source was estimated through the leaf area dynamics and leaf photosynthesis rate along the season. The C sink was estimated for maintenance respiration and growth of shoots and fruits. Water stress significantly reduced gas exchange, and fruit, and shoot growth, but increased fruit dry matter concentration. Growth was more affected by water deficit than photosynthesis, and shoot growth was more sensitive to water deficit than fruit growth. Reduction of shoot growth was associated with a decrease of shoot elongation, emergence, and high shoot mortality. Water scarcity affected tree C assimilation due to two interacting factors: (i) reduction in leaf photosynthesis (-23% and -50% under moderate (MS) and severe (SS) water stress compared to low (LS) stress during growth season) and (ii) reduction in total leaf area (-57% and -79% under MS and SS compared to LS at harvest). Our field data analysis suggested a Ψstem threshold of -1.5 MPa below which daily net C gain became negative, i.e. C assimilation became lower than C needed for respiration and growth. Negative C balance under MS and SS associated with decline of trunk carbohydrate reserves – may have led to drought-induced vegetative mortality.
机译：在这项研究中，评估了桃树（Prunus persica L.）对从中坑硬化到收获的三个水分胁迫水平的敏感性。根据植物水分状况，评估了枝条和果实生长，气体交换（叶片光合作用，气孔导度和蒸腾作用）以及碳（C）储存/动员的季节性模式。还开发了一个简单的C平衡模型，以研究与树级植物水状况相关的汇源关系。通过季节内叶面积动态和叶片光合作用速率估算碳源。估计C汇用于维持呼吸以及芽和果实的生长。水分胁迫显着减少了气体交换以及果实和枝条的生长，但增加了果实干物质的浓度。水分亏缺比光合作用对生长的影响更大，而苗期对水分亏缺的敏感性比对果实的生长更为敏感。枝条生长的减少与枝条伸长，出芽和高枝条死亡率的降低有关。缺水影响了树木C的同化，这是由于两个相互作用的因素：（i）叶片光合作用的减少（在生长季节中，低（LS）胁迫下，中等（MS）和严重（SS）水分胁迫下为-23％和-50％） （ii）叶总面积减少（收获时与LS相比，MS和SS的叶面积减少了-57％和-79％）。我们的现场数据分析显示-Stem阈值为-1.5 MPa，低于该阈值则每日净C增益变为负值，即C同化率低于呼吸和生长所需的C. MS和SS下的负C平衡与躯干碳水化合物储备的下降有关–可能导致干旱引起的植物性死亡。

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