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Continuous Shear Wave Elastography: a New Method to Measure in-vivo Viscoelastic Properties of Tendons

机译：连续剪切波弹性成像：一种测量肌腱的体内粘弹性的新方法

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Viscoelastic mechanical properties are frequently altered after tendon injuries and during recovery. Therefore, non-invasive measurements of shear viscoelastic properties may help evaluate tendon recovery and compare the effectiveness of different therapies. The objectives of this study are to present an elastography method to measure localized viscoelastic properties of tendon and to present initial results in healthy and injured human Achilles and semitendinosus tendons. The technique used an external actuator to generate the shear waves in the tendon at different frequencies and plane wave imaging to measure shear wave displacements. For each of the excitation frequencies, maps of direction specific wave speeds were calculated using Local Frequency Estimation. Maps of viscoelastic properties were obtained using a pixel wise curve-fit of wave speed and frequency. The method was validated by comparing measurements of wave speed in agarose gels to those obtained using magnetic resonance elastography. Measurements in human healthy Achilles tendons revealed a pronounced increase in wave speed as function of frequency that highlights the importance of tendon viscoelasticity. Additionally, the viscoelastic properties of the Achilles tendon were larger than those reported for other tissues. Measurements in a tendinopathic Achilles tendon showed that it is feasible to quantify local viscoeasltic properties. Similarly, measurement in the semitendinosus tendon showed a substantial differences in viscoelastic properties between the healthy and contralateral tendons. Consequently, this technique has the potential of evaluating localized changes in tendon viscoelastic properties due to injury and during recovery in a clinical setting.
机译：肌腱损伤后和恢复期间，粘弹性力学性能经常改变。因此，剪切粘弹性特性的非侵入性测量可能有助于评估肌腱的恢复并比较不同疗法的有效性。这项研究的目的是提出一种弹性成像方法，以测量肌腱的局部粘弹性质，并提出健康和受伤的人类跟腱和半腱肌腱的初步结果。该技术使用外部执行器以不同的频率在肌腱中生成剪切波，并使用平面波成像来测量剪切波位移。对于每个激励频率，使用局部频率估计来计算方向特定波速的图。使用波速和频率的逐像素曲线拟合获得粘弹性图。通过将琼脂糖凝胶中的波速测量值与使用磁共振弹性成像获得的波速测量值进行比较，验证了该方法的有效性。对人体健康的跟腱进行的测量表明，随着频率的变化，波速显着增加，这突出了腱粘弹性的重要性。此外，跟腱的粘弹性比其他组织报道的要大。对腱性跟腱的测量表明，量化局部粘弹性特性是可行的。同样，对半腱肌腱的测量显示，健康腱和对侧腱之间的粘弹性性质存在显着差异。因此，该技术具有评估由于损伤和在临床环境中恢复过程中肌腱粘弹性特性的局部变化的潜力。

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