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Identification of Genomic Regions and the Isoamylase Gene for Reduced Grain Chalkiness in Rice

机译：水稻籽粒垩白减少的基因组区域和异淀粉酶基因的鉴定

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摘要

Grain chalkiness is an important grain quality related to starch granules in the endosperm. A high percentage of grain chalkiness is a major problem because it diminishes grain quality in rice. Here, we report quantitative trait loci identification for grain chalkiness using high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of a chromosomal segment substitution line population in which each line carried one or a few introduced japonica cultivar Nipponbare segments in the genetic background of the indica cultivar ZS97. Ten quantitative trait loci regions were commonly identified for the percentage of grain chalkiness and the degree of endosperm chalkiness. The allelic effects at nine of these quantitative trait loci reduced grain chalkiness. Furthermore, a quantitative trait locus (qPGC8-2) on chromosome 8 was validated in a chromosomal segment substitution line–derived segregation population, and had a stable effect on chalkiness in a multiple-environment evaluation of the near-isogenic lines. Residing on the qPGC8-2 region, the isoamylase gene (ISA1) was preferentially expressed in the endosperm and revealed some nucleotide polymorphisms between two varieties, Nipponbare and ZS97. Transgenic lines with suppression of ISA1 by RNA interference produced grains with 20% more chalkiness than the control. The results support that the gene may underlie qPGC8-2 for grain chalkiness. The multiple-environment trials of the near-isogenic lines also show that combination of the favorable alleles such as the ISA1 gene for low chalkiness and the GS3 gene for long grains considerably improved grain quality of ZS97, which proves useful for grain quality improvement in rice breeding programs.
机译：谷物白垩度是与胚乳中淀粉颗粒有关的重要谷物品质。谷物垩白度高是一个主要问题，因为它降低了稻米的谷物品质。在这里，我们报告了使用高通量单核苷酸多态性对染色体片段替代品系进行高通量单核苷酸多态性基因分型的谷物垩白度的定量性状基因座鉴定，其中每条品系在one稻品种ZS97的遗传背景中携带一个或几个引入的粳稻新日本晴片段。通常确定十个数量性状位点区域的谷物垩白度百分比和胚乳垩白度。这些定量性状基因座中的九个处的等位基因效应降低了谷物的垩白度。此外，在染色体片段替换系衍生的隔离种群中验证了8号染色体上的数量性状基因座（qPGC8-2），并且在多环境评价近等基因系中对白垩化具有稳定的影响。异淀粉酶基因（ISA1）位于qPGC8-2区域，在胚乳中优先表达，并揭示了两个品种，日本晴和ZS97之间的一些核苷酸多态性。 RNA干扰抑制ISA1的转基因品系产生的白垩度比对照组高20％。结果证明该基因可能是谷粒垩白度的qPGC8-2的基础。近等基因系的多环境试验还表明，有利的等位基因如低白垩度的ISA1基因和长粒的GS3基因的组合大大改善了ZS97的籽粒品质，证明对改善水稻的籽粒品质有用繁殖计划。

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