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General Recognition Theory with Individual Differences: A New Method for Examining Perceptual and Decisional Interactions with an Application to Face Perception

机译：具有个体差异的通用识别理论：一种检验知觉和决定性相互作用的新方法及其在人脸感知中的应用

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A common question in perceptual science is to what extent different stimulus dimensions are processed independently. General recognition theory (GRT) offers a formal framework via which different notions of independence can be defined and tested rigorously, while also dissociating perceptual from decisional factors. This article presents a new GRT model that overcomes several shortcomings with previous approaches, including a clearer separation between perceptual and decisional processes and a more complete description of such processes. The model assumes that different individuals share similar perceptual representations, but vary in their attention to dimensions and in the decisional strategies they use. We apply the model to the analysis of interactions between identity and emotional expression during face recognition. The results of previous research aimed at this problem have been disparate. Participants identified four faces, which resulted from the combination of two identities and two expressions. An analysis using the new GRT model showed a complex pattern of dimensional interactions. The perception of emotional expression was not affected by changes in identity, but the perception of identity was affected by changes in emotional expression. There were violations of decisional separability of expression from identity and of identity from expression, with the former being more consistent across participants than the latter. One explanation for the disparate results in the literature is that decisional strategies may have varied across studies and influenced the results of tests of perceptual interactions, as previous studies lacked the ability to dissociate between perceptual and decisional interactions.
机译：感知科学中的一个常见问题是，在多大程度上独立处理了不同的刺激维度。通用识别理论（GRT）提供了一个正式的框架，通过该框架可以严格定义和测试不同的独立性概念，同时还可以将感知性与决策因素分离。本文介绍了一种新的GRT模型，该模型克服了以前方法的一些缺点，包括在感知和决策过程之间更清晰的分离以及对此类过程的更完整描述。该模型假设不同的人共享相似的感知表示，但是他们对维度的关注以及他们使用的决策策略却有所不同。我们将该模型应用于面部识别过程中身份与情感表达之间相互作用的分析。针对该问题的先前研究结果是完全不同的。参加者确定了四个面孔，这是两个身份和两个表情相结合的结果。使用新的GRT模型进行的分析显示了复杂的尺寸相互作用模式。情绪表达的感知不受身份变化的影响，但是身份感知受情绪表达变化的影响。违反了表达与身份的决定性可分离性以及与身份与表达的身份可分离性的冲突，前者在参与者之间的一致性比后者更高。文献中对不同结果的一种解释是，决策策略可能因研究而异，并且影响了知觉交互作用的测试结果，因为以前的研究缺乏在知觉相互作用和决定性交互作用之间进行分离的能力。

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