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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Frontiers in Psychology >Its a kind of magic—what self-reports can reveal about the phenomenology of insight problem solving
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Its a kind of magic—what self-reports can reveal about the phenomenology of insight problem solving

机译：这是一种魔术自我报告可以揭示洞察力问题解决现象的现象

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摘要

Magic tricks usually remain a mystery to the observer. For the sake of science, we offered participants the opportunity to discover the magician's secret method by repeatedly presenting the same trick and asking them to find out how the trick worked. In the context of insightful problem solving, the present work investigated the emotions that participants experience upon solving a magic trick. We assumed that these emotions form the typical “Aha! experience” that accompanies insightful solutions to difficult problems. We aimed to show that Aha! experiences can be triggered by magic tricks and to systematically explore the phenomenology of the Aha! experience by breaking it down into five previously postulated dimensions. 34 video clips of different magic tricks were presented up to three times to 50 participants who had to find out how the trick was accomplished, and to indicate whether they had experienced an Aha! during the solving process. Participants then performed a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of their Aha! experiences which was repeated after 14 days to control for its reliability. 41% of all suggested solutions were accompanied by an Aha! experience. The quantitative assessment remained stable across time in all five dimensions. Happiness was rated as the most important dimension. This primacy of positive emotions was also reflected in participants' qualitative self-reports which contained more emotional than cognitive aspects. Implementing magic tricks as problem solving task, we could show that strong Aha! experiences can be triggered if a trick is solved. We could at least partially capture the phenomenology of Aha! by identifying one prevailing aspect (positive emotions), a new aspect (release of tension upon gaining insight into a magic trick) and one less important aspect (impasse).
机译：魔术通常对观察者仍然是个谜。为了科学起见，我们通过重复展示相同的技巧并要求他们找出技巧的工作原理，为参加者提供了发现魔术师秘密方法的机会。在有洞察力的问题解决的背景下，本工作调查了参与者解决魔术技巧后所经历的情绪。我们认为这些情绪构成了典型的“啊哈！经验”，为解决难题提供了有见地的解决方案。我们旨在证明那哈！魔术技巧可以激发经验，并系统地探索阿哈现象学！通过将其分解为五个先前假定的维度来获得经验。向50名参与者展示了34种不同魔术技巧的视频剪辑，这些视频剪辑最多可以呈现三遍，他们必须找出技巧是如何实现的，并指出他们是否经历过Aha！在解决过程中。然后，参与者对其Aha！进行了全面的定量和定性评估。经过14天的反复测试以控制其可靠性。在所有建议的解决方案中，有41％伴随有Aha！经验。定量评估在所有五个维度上均保持稳定。幸福被认为是最重要的方面。积极情绪的这种首要性还反映在参与者的定性自我报告中，该报告包含的情感多于认知方面。实施魔术技巧作为解决问题的任务，我们可以展示出强大的Aha！解决了窍门就可以触发经验。我们至少可以捕捉到Aha的现象学！通过识别一个主要方面（积极的情绪），一个新方面（在掌握魔术技巧后释放紧张感）和一个不太重要的方面（僵局）。

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