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Chinese American Parents’ Acculturation and Enculturation Bicultural Management Difficulty Depressive Symptoms and Parenting

机译：美国华裔父母的文化适应双文化管理困难抑郁症状和育儿

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This study examined whether Chinese American parents’ acculturation and enculturation were related to parenting practices (punitive parenting, democratic child participation, and inductive reasoning) indirectly through the mediation of parents’ bicultural management difficulty and parental depressed mood. Data came from a two-wave study of Chinese American families in Northern California. Mothers and fathers were assessed when their children were in early adolescence and then again in middle adolescence (407 mothers and 381 fathers at Wave 1; 308 mothers and 281 fathers at Wave 2). For both waves, we examined cross-sectional models encompassing both direct and indirect links from parental cultural orientations to parenting practices. We also used individual fixed-effects techniques to account for selection bias in testing model relationships at Wave 2. At Wave 1, via bicultural management difficulty and depressive symptoms, American orientation was related to less punitive parenting and more inductive reasoning for both parents, and Chinese orientation was related to more punitive parenting and less inductive reasoning for fathers. The findings indicate that bicultural management difficulty and parental depressed mood are important mechanisms to be considered when studying the relation between Chinese American parents’ acculturation/enculturation and parenting.
机译：这项研究调查了华裔美国父母的适应和培养是否通过父母的双重文化管理困难和父母沮丧的情绪间接地与父母的养育方式（惩罚性养育，民主儿童参与和归纳推理）有关。数据来自对北加州华裔美国家庭的两波研究。当孩子在青春期早期，然后在中期青春期时，对母亲和父亲进行了评估（第一波的407位母亲和381位父亲；第二波的308位母亲和281位父亲）。对于这两个浪潮，我们研究了横断面模型，这些模型涵盖了从父母文化取向到父母养育方式的直接和间接联系。我们还使用了个体固定效应技术来解释第二阶段测试模型关系中的选择偏见。在第一阶段，由于双文化管理困难和抑郁症状，美国人的取向与父母双方的惩罚性较少的父母养育和更多的归纳推理有关，并且中国人的取向与父亲的惩罚性养育和较少的归纳推理有关。研究结果表明，双文化管理困难和父母情绪低落是研究美国华裔父母的适应/文化与父母养育之间关系的重要机制。

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