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首页> 美国卫生研究院文献>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior >Preference for free choice over forced choice in pigeons
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Preference for free choice over forced choice in pigeons

机译：鸽子自由选择优先于强制选择

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摘要

In a six-key chamber variable-interval initial links of concurrent-chain schedules operated on two lower white keys. Terminal links operated on four upper keys; green keys were correlated with fixed-interval reinforcement and red keys with extinction. Free-choice terminal links arranged three green keys and one red key; forced-choice terminal links arranged one green key and three red keys. Thus, terminal links were equivalent in number, variety, and information value (in bits) of the keylights. Preferences (relative initial-link rates) were studied both with location of the odd key color varying over successive terminal links and with the odd color fixed at key locations that had controlled either relatively high or relatively low terminal-link response rates. Free choice was consistently preferred to forced choice. Magnitude of preference did not vary systematically with terminal-link response rate or stimulus control by green and red keys. The origins of free-choice preference could be ontogenic or phylogenic: organisms may learn that momentarily preferred alternatives are more often available in free than in forced choice, and evolutionary contingencies may favor the survival of organisms that prefer free to forced choice.
机译：在六键室中，并发链时间表的可变间隔初始链接在两个下部白键上操作。终端链接通过四个上键进行操作；绿色键与固定间隔加固相关，红色键与消光相关。自由选择的终端链接安排了三个绿色键和一个红色键；强制选择终端链接安排了一个绿色键和三个红色键。因此，终端链接在按键灯的数量，种类和信息值（以位为单位）上是等效的。研究了偏好（相对初始链接速率），其中奇数键颜色的位置在连续的终端链接上变化，并且奇数色固定在控制了相对较高或相对较低的终端链接响应率的键位置上。自由选择始终比强迫选择更受青睐。优先级的大小不会随着终端链接响应率或通过绿色和红色键进行的刺激控制而系统地变化。自由选择偏好的起源可能是本体发生的或系统发育的：有机体可能会发现，暂时首选的替代品比强迫选择更容易获得自由选择，而进化的偶然性可能有利于偏好自由选择的生物的生存。

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