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Early childbearing human capital attainment and mortality risk:Evidence from a longitudinal demographic surveillance area inrural-KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

机译：早产获得人力资本和死亡风险：来自美国纵向人口监视区域的证据南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省农村

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Using a rich longitudinal dataset, we examine the relationship between teen fertility and both subsequent educational outcomes and HIV related mortality risk in rural South Africa. Human capital deficits among teen mothers are large and significant, with earlier births associated with greater deficits. In contrast to many other studies from developed countries, we find no clear evidence of selectivity into teen childbearing in either schooling trajectories or pre-fertility household characteristics. Enrolment rates among teen mothers only begin to drop in the period immediately preceding the birth and future teen mothers are not behind in their schooling relative to other girls. Older teen mothers and those further ahead in school for their age pre-birth are more likely to continue schooling after the birth. In addition to adolescents’ higher biological vulnerability to HIV infection, pregnancy also appears to increase the risk of contracting HIV. Following women over an extended period, we document a higher HIV related mortality risk for teen mothers that cannot be explained by household characteristics in early adulthood. Controlling for age at sexual debut, we find that teen mothers report lower condom use and older partners than other sexually active adolescents.
机译：使用丰富的纵向数据集，我们研究了南非农村地区青少年生育能力与随后的教育成果以及与艾滋病毒相关的死亡风险之间的关系。青少年母亲中的人力资本赤字很大，而且很大，早产与赤字更大有关。与来自发达国家的许多其他研究相比，我们没有明显的证据表明在学习轨迹或生育前家庭特征方面对青少年生育的选择性。青少年母亲的入学率仅在出生前不久才开始下降，而且未来的青少年母亲的入学率相对其他女孩而言并不落后。年龄较大的母亲和那些在分娩前年龄更大的母亲更有可能在出生后继续上学。除了青少年对HIV感染具有更高的生物学脆弱性外，怀孕似乎还增加了感染HIV的风险。长期追踪妇女的情况后，我们发现青少年母亲与艾滋病毒相关的死亡风险较高，这不能用成年初期的家庭特征来解释。通过控制性行为初次出现的年龄，我们发现与其他性活跃的青少年相比，青少年母亲报告的避孕套使用率较低，伴侣年龄较大。

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