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Native-likeness in second language lexical categorization reflects individual language history and linguistic community norms

机译:第二语言词汇分类中的母语相似性反映了个别语言的历史和语言社区规范

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摘要

Second language learners face a dual challenge in vocabulary learning: First, they must learn new names for the 100s of common objects that they encounter every day. Second, after some time, they discover that these names do not generalize according to the same rules used in their first language. Lexical categories frequently differ between languages (), and successful language learning requires that bilinguals learn not just new words but new patterns for labeling objects. In the present study, Chinese learners of English with varying language histories and resident in two different language settings (Beijing, China and State College, PA, USA) named 67 photographs of common serving dishes (e.g., cups, plates, and bowls) in both Chinese and English. Participants’ response patterns were quantified in terms of similarity to the responses of functionally monolingual native speakers of Chinese and English and showed the cross-language convergence previously observed in simultaneous bilinguals (). For English, bilinguals’ names for each individual stimulus were also compared to the dominant name generated by the native speakers for the object. Using two statistical models, we disentangle the effects of several highly interactive variables from bilinguals’ language histories and the naming norms of the native speaker community to predict inter-personal and inter-item variation in L2 (English) native-likeness. We find only a modest age of earliest exposure effect on L2 category native-likeness, but importantly, we find that classroom instruction in L2 negatively impacts L2 category native-likeness, even after significant immersion experience. We also identify a significant role of both L1 and L2 norms in bilinguals’ L2 picture naming responses.
机译:第二语言学习者在词汇学习中面临双重挑战:第一,他们必须为每天遇到的100多个常见对象学习新的名称。其次,过了一段时间,他们发现这些名称并没有根据他们的母语所使用的相同规则进行概括。语言之间的词汇类别经常会有所不同(),并且成功的语言学习要求双语者不仅学习新单词,而且还学习用于标记对象的新模式。在本研究中,具有不同语言历史并且居住在两种不同语言环境(中国北京和美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学)的中国英语学习者在照片中命名了67张常见菜肴的照片(例如杯子,盘子和碗)。中文和英文。参与者的回答方式与与会说英语的功能单一语言的母语者的相似性进行了量化,显示了以前在同时使用双语者中观察到的跨语言融合。对于英语,还将每个刺激的双语者名称与该对象的母语使用者生成的主导名称进行比较。我们使用两种统计模型,从双语者的语言历史和以母语为母语的人的命名规范中解开了几个高度互动的变量的影响,以预测L2(英语)母语相似性的人际和项目间差异。我们发现最早的暴露年龄对L2类的原生像只有一个适中的年龄,但是重要的是,我们发现即使经过大量的沉浸体验,L2的课堂教学也会对L2类的原生像产生负面影响。我们还确定了L1和L2规范在双语者的L2图片命名响应中的重要作用。

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