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Blockade of mTOR Signaling via Rapamycin Combined with Immunotherapy Augments Anti-glioma Cytotoxic and Memory T cells’ Functions

机译:雷帕霉素结合免疫疗法增强mTOR信号传导阻滞神经胶质瘤的细胞毒性和记忆T细胞功能

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摘要

The success of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting Glioblastomamultiforme demand a robust anti-glioma T cell cytotoxic and memory response. Recent evidence suggests that Rapamycin regulates T cell differentiation. Herein, we tested whether administration of Rapamycin could enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy utilizing Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Ad-Flt3L) and Thymidine kinase/Ganciclovir (Ad-TK/GCV). Using the refractory rat RG2 glioma model, we demonstrate that administration of Rapamycin with Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV immunotherapy enhanced the cytotoxic activity of anti-tumor CD8+ T cells. Rats treated with Rapamycin + Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV exhibited massive reduction in the tumor volume and extended survival. Rapamycin administration also prolonged the survival of Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK/GCV treated GL26 tumor bearing mice, associated with an increase in the frequency of tumor-specific and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. More importantly, Rapamycin administration even for a short interval elicited a potent long-lasting central memory CD8+ T cell response. The enhanced memory response translated to an increased frequency of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells within the tumor and IFN-γ release, providing the mice with long-term survival advantage in response to tumor rechallenge. Our data therefore points to Rapamycin as an attractive adjuvant to be used in combination with immunotherapy in a Phase I clinical trial for GBM.
机译:靶向多种胶质母细胞瘤的免疫治疗方法的成功需要强大的抗神经胶质瘤T细胞细胞毒性和记忆反应。最近的证据表明雷帕霉素可调节T细胞分化。在本文中,我们测试了雷帕霉素的施用是否可以增强利用Fms样酪氨酸激酶3配体(Ad-Flt3L)和胸苷激酶/更昔洛韦(Ad-TK / GCV)的免疫疗法的功效。使用难治性大鼠RG2神经胶质瘤模型,证明雷帕霉素联合Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK / GCV免疫治疗可增强抗肿瘤CD8 + T细胞的细胞毒活性。雷帕霉素+ Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK / GCV处理的大鼠肿瘤体积显着减少,生存期延长。雷帕霉素的给药还延长了Ad-Flt3L + Ad-TK / GCV治疗的GL26荷瘤小鼠的存活,这与肿瘤特异性和IFN-γ + CD8 + T细胞。更重要的是,雷帕霉素的给药,即使间隔很短,也会引起强烈的持久性中央记忆CD8 + T细胞反应。增强的记忆反应转化为肿瘤内的肿瘤特异性CD8 + T细胞和IFN-γ释放的频率增加,为小鼠提供了应对肿瘤再发的长期生存优势。因此,我们的数据表明雷帕霉素是在GBM的I期临床试验中与免疫疗法联合使用的有吸引力的佐剂。

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