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Turf algae-mediated coral damage in coastal reefs of Belize Central America

机译：草坪藻类介导的中美洲伯利兹沿海珊瑚礁的珊瑚破坏

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Many coral reefs in the Caribbean experienced substantial changes in their benthic community composition during the last decades. This often resulted in phase shifts from scleractinian coral dominance to that by other benthic invertebrate or algae. However, knowledge about how the related role of coral-algae contacts may negatively affect corals is scarce. Therefore, benthic community composition, abundance of algae grazers, and the abundance and character of coral-algae contacts were assessed in situ at 13 Belizean reef sites distributed along a distance gradient to the Belizean mainland (12–70 km): Mesoamerican Barrier Reef (inshore), Turneffe Atoll (inner and outer midshore), and Lighthouse Reef (offshore). In situ surveys revealed significantly higher benthic cover by scleractinian corals at the remote Lighthouse Reef (26–29%) when compared to the other sites (4–19%). The abundance of herbivorous fish and the sea urchin Diadema antillarum significantly increased towards the offshore reef sites, while the occurrence of direct coral-algae contacts consequently increased significantly with decreasing distance to shore. About 60% of these algae contacts were harmful (exhibiting coral tissue damage, pigmentation change, or overgrowth) for corals (mainly genera Orbicella and Agaricia), particularly when filamentous turf algae were involved. These findings provide support to the hypothesis that (turf) algae-mediated coral damage occurs in Belizean coastal, near-shore coral reefs.
机译：在过去的几十年中，加勒比海的许多珊瑚礁底栖动物群落组成发生了巨大变化。这通常导致相变从巩膜珊瑚占主导地位向其他底栖无脊椎动物或藻类转变。但是，关于珊瑚-藻类接触的相关作用如何可能对珊瑚产生负面影响的知识很少。因此，在沿伯利兹大陆（12-70 km）的距离梯度分布的13个伯利兹礁现场，对底栖生物群落组成，藻类掠食者的数量以及珊瑚藻接触的数量和特征进行了原位评估：沿海），特内夫环礁（内中部和外中部）和灯塔礁（海上）。实地调查显示，与其他地点（4-19％）相比，偏远的灯塔礁的巩膜珊瑚的底栖生物覆盖率明显更高（26-29％）。食草鱼的数量和海胆Diadema antillarum向着近海珊瑚礁地点的数量显着增加，因此，直接与珊瑚藻接触的发生率随着距岸距离的减小而显着增加。这些藻类接触物中约有60％对珊瑚（主要是Orbicella和Agaricia属）有害（表现出珊瑚组织损伤，色素沉着变化或过度生长），特别是当涉及丝状草皮藻类时。这些发现为以下假设提供了支持：海藻介导的珊瑚损害发生在伯利兹沿海，近岸珊瑚礁。

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