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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions and Crop Yields Affected by Residue Placement and Crop Types

机译：秸秆还田方式和作物类型对土壤碳氮分布和作物产量的影响

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摘要

Soil labile C and N fractions can change rapidly in response to management practices compared to non-labile fractions. High variability in soil properties in the field, however, results in nonresponse to management practices on these parameters. We evaluated the effects of residue placement (surface application [or simulated no-tillage] and incorporation into the soil [or simulated conventional tillage]) and crop types (spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], pea [Pisum sativum L.], and fallow) on crop yields and soil C and N fractions at the 0–20 cm depth within a crop growing season in the greenhouse and the field. Soil C and N fractions were soil organic C (SOC), total N (STN), particulate organic C and N (POC and PON), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM), NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations. Yields of both wheat and pea varied with residue placement in the greenhouse as well as in the field. In the greenhouse, SOC, PCM, STN, MBN, and NH4-N concentrations were greater in surface placement than incorporation of residue and greater under wheat than pea or fallow. In the field, MBN and NH4-N concentrations were greater in no-tillage than conventional tillage, but the trend reversed for NO3-N. The PNM was greater under pea or fallow than wheat in the greenhouse and the field. Average SOC, POC, MBC, PON, PNM, MBN, and NO3-N concentrations across treatments were higher, but STN, PCM and NH4-N concentrations were lower in the greenhouse than the field. The coefficient of variation for soil parameters ranged from 2.6 to 15.9% in the greenhouse and 8.0 to 36.7% in the field. Although crop yields varied, most soil C and N fractions were greater in surface placement than incorporation of residue and greater under wheat than pea or fallow in the greenhouse than the field within a crop growing season. Short-term management effect on soil C and N fractions were readily obtained with reduced variability under controlled soil and environmental conditions in the greenhouse compared to the field. Changes occurred more in soil labile than non-labile C and N fractions in the greenhouse than the field.
机译：与非不稳定组分相比，土壤不稳定的碳和氮组分可以根据管理实践迅速变化。然而，田间土壤性质的高度可变性导致对这些参数的管理实践无响应。我们评估了残留物放置（表面施用[或模拟免耕]和掺入土壤[或模拟传统耕作]）和农作物类型（春小麦[Triticum aestivum L.]，豌豆[Pisum sativum L.]，和休耕期）在温室和田间作物生长季节内0-20 cm深度的作物产量以及土壤碳和氮含量。土壤C和N的组成部分是土壤有机C（SOC），总N（STN），颗粒有机C和N（POC和PON），微生物生物量C和N（MBC和MBN），潜在的C和N矿化（PCM和PNM） ），NH4-N和NO3-N浓度。小麦和豌豆的产量都随温室和田间残留物的不同而变化。在温室中，表层土壤中的SOC，PCM，STN，MBN和NH4-N浓度大于残留物，小麦下的浓度大于豌豆或休耕地。在田间，免耕的MBN和NH4-N浓度高于常规耕作，但NO3-N的趋势相反。温室和田间，豌豆或休耕下的PNM大于小麦。在整个处理过程中，平均SOC，POC，MBC，PON，PNM，MBN和NO3-N浓度较高，但温室中STN，PCM和NH4-N浓度低于田间。温室中土壤参数的变异系数范围为2.6％至15.9％，大田中为8.0％至36.7％。尽管农作物产量各不相同，但大多数土壤碳和氮成分的表层放置要大于残留量，而在小麦下，则比农作物生长季节中的田间要大得多。与田间相比，在温室中受控的土壤和环境条件下，易于获得对土壤碳和氮组分的短期管理效果，并减少了变异性。在温室中，土壤中不稳定的变化比非土壤中不稳定的碳和氮的变化多于田间。

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    Jun Wang; Upendra M. Sainju;

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  • 年(卷),期 -1(9),8
  • 年度 -1
  • 页码 e105039
  • 总页数 11
  • 原文格式 PDF
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